2.1 Cell Structure

Question 1

What is the role of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 1

Modify proteins
Package proteins into vesicles for transport

Question 2

What is the role of the lysosomes?

Answer 2

Contain hydrolytic enzymes to recycle worn out cell parts

Question 3

What is the role of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 3

Contains pores to let substances leave

Question 4

What is the role of the mitochondria?

Answer 4

Aerobic respiration to release energy

Question 5

What is a cell membrane?

Answer 5

Semi permeable phospholipid bilayer

Question 6

What is the role of the cell membrane?

Answer 6

Lets substances in/out

Question 7

What is the role of the ribosomes?

Answer 7

Synthesise (make) proteins

Question 8

What is the role of the nucleus?

Answer 8

Contains DNA to control cell activities

Question 9

What is the role of the chloroplasts?

Answer 9

Absorb light for photosynthesis

Question 10

What is the cell wall?

Answer 10

A cellulose layer

Question 11

What is the role of the cell wall?

Answer 11

Hold cells structure and add strength

Question 12

What does the vacuole store?

Answer 12

Water and sugars

Question 13

What is the role of the vacuole?

Answer 13

Aids in turgor pressure to support the cell

Question 14

What are 3 organelles found in plants but not animals?

Answer 14

Chloroplast
Cell wall
Vacuole

Question 15

What is different about prokaryotic ribosomes?

Answer 15

70S compared to 80S in eukaryotic cells

Question 16

What is different about prokaryotic cell wall?

Answer 16

Made of murein not cellulose

Question 17

What is different about the size of a prokaryote?

Answer 17

Smaller

Question 18

What is different about prokaryotic DNA?

Answer 18

Eukaryotic is linear and prokaryotic is circular
Eukaryotic is histone bound and prokaryotic is naked
Eukaryotic contains introns and prokaryotic does not
Eukaryotic is longer and prokaryotic is shorter

Question 19

What is the same about prokaryotic DNA?

Answer 19

Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic have the same nucleotide structure
Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic are joined by phosphodiester bonds

Question 20

How do prokaryotic cells divide?

Answer 20

By binary fission

Question 21

What is a bacteriophage?

Answer 21

A virus that infects a bacteria

Question 22

What is a capsid?

Answer 22

The protein coat surrounding the viral genome

Question 23

Are viral genomes DNA or RNA?

Answer 23

Can be either

Question 24

What are attachment proteins?

Answer 24

The glycoproteins in the outer envelope of a virus

Question 25

What is significant about the attachment proteins of a virus?

Answer 25

Attach to the host receptors on specific cells

Question 26

Name 2 enzymes HIV has to help infect its host.

Answer 26

Reverse transcriptase Intergrase

Question 27

What is the role of reverse transcriptase?

Answer 27

To control RNA -> DNA

Question 28

What is a stem cell?

Answer 28

An unspecialised cell that can differentiate into any other cell type

Question 29

What is a specialised cell?

Answer 29

A cell with features that allow it to perform its function

Question 30

How does an unspecialised cell become specialised?

Answer 30

Differentiation

Question 31

Why would a cell develop a light sensitive eyespot?

Answer 31

To detect light

Question 32

Why would cell develop flagellum?

Answer 32

To move towards/ away from stimulus

Question 33

Why would a cell develop microvilli?

Answer 33

Increases surface area to aid absorption

Question 34

Why would a cell develop many mitochondria?

Answer 34

More ATP for active transport/movement of vesicles

Question 35

Why would a cell develop lots of golgi?

Answer 35

Can transport and modify more proteins

Question 36

Why would a cell develop lots of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 36

More ribosomes can attach so increases protein synthesis