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AQA Biology > 2.1 Cell Structure > Flashcards

2.1 Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of the golgi apparatus?

A

Modify proteins
Package proteins into vesicles for transport

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2
Q

What is the role of the lysosomes?

A

Contain hydrolytic enzymes to recycle worn out cell parts

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3
Q

What is the role of the nuclear envelope?

A

Contains pores to let substances leave

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4
Q

What is the role of the mitochondria?

A

Aerobic respiration to release energy

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5
Q

What is a cell membrane?

A

Semi permeable phospholipid bilayer

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6
Q

What is the role of the cell membrane?

A

Lets substances in/out

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7
Q

What is the role of the ribosomes?

A

Synthesise (make) proteins

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8
Q

What is the role of the nucleus?

A

Contains DNA to control cell activities

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9
Q

What is the role of the chloroplasts?

A

Absorb light for photosynthesis

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10
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

A cellulose layer

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11
Q

What is the role of the cell wall?

A

Hold cells structure and add strength

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12
Q

What does the vacuole store?

A

Water and sugars

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13
Q

What is the role of the vacuole?

A

Aids in turgor pressure to support the cell

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14
Q

What are 3 organelles found in plants but not animals?

A

Chloroplast
Cell wall
Vacuole

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15
Q

What is different about prokaryotic ribosomes?

A

70S compared to 80S in eukaryotic cells

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16
Q

What is different about prokaryotic cell wall?

A

Made of murein not cellulose

17
Q

What is different about the size of a prokaryote?

A

Smaller

18
Q

What is different about prokaryotic DNA?

A

Eukaryotic is linear and prokaryotic is circular
Eukaryotic is histone bound and prokaryotic is naked
Eukaryotic contains introns and prokaryotic does not
Eukaryotic is longer and prokaryotic is shorter

19
Q

What is the same about prokaryotic DNA?

A

Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic have the same nucleotide structure
Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic are joined by phosphodiester bonds

20
Q

How do prokaryotic cells divide?

A

By binary fission

21
Q

What is a bacteriophage?

A

A virus that infects a bacteria

22
Q

What is a capsid?

A

The protein coat surrounding the viral genome

23
Q

Are viral genomes DNA or RNA?

A

Can be either

24
Q

What are attachment proteins?

A

The glycoproteins in the outer envelope of a virus

25
Q

What is significant about the attachment proteins of a virus?

A

Attach to the host receptors on specific cells

26
Q

Name 2 enzymes HIV has to help infect its host.

A

Reverse transcriptase
Intergrase

27
Q

What is the role of reverse transcriptase?

A

To control RNA -> DNA

28
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

An unspecialised cell that can differentiate into any other cell type

29
Q

What is a specialised cell?

A

A cell with features that allow it to perform its function

30
Q

How does an unspecialised cell become specialised?

A

Differentiation

31
Q

Why would a cell develop a light sensitive eyespot?

A

To detect light

32
Q

Why would cell develop flagellum?

A

To move towards/ away from stimulus

33
Q

Why would a cell develop microvilli?

A

Increases surface area to aid absorption

34
Q

Why would a cell develop many mitochondria?

A

More ATP for active transport/movement of vesicles

35
Q

Why would a cell develop lots of golgi?

A

Can transport and modify more proteins

36
Q

Why would a cell develop lots of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

More ribosomes can attach so increases protein synthesis

AQA Biology (35 decks)

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