4.2 DNA & Protein Synthesis Flashcards
Define genome.
The complete set of genetic information contained in the cells of an organism
Define proteome.
The complete set of proteins that can be produced by the genome
Describe the structure of messenger RNA.
Long
Single stranded
Base sequence is complementary to the DNA it was transcribed from
Suggest advantages of using mRNA rather than DNA for translation.
Shorter and contains uracil = breaks down quickly so no excess polypeptide forms
Single stranded & linear = ribosome moves along strand, tRNA binds to exposed bases
Contains no introns
Describe the structure of transfer RNA.
Single stranded
Clover leaf shape of folded over amino acids
One end is anti-codon
One end is amino acid binding site
What is produced by transcription?
mRNA
Where does transcription take place?
Nucleus
Outline the process of transcription.
DNA helicase separates DNA strands
One strand is used as a template
Free nucleotides line up next to their complementary bases
RNA polymerase joins adjacent bases
What happens to mRNA after transcription?
pre-mRNA must be spliced to remove introns
Moves out of nucleus and attaches to ribosome
What is produced by translation?
Proteins
Where does translation take place?
Cytoplasm of ribosomes
Outline the process of translation.
The anti-codon of tRNA attaches to complementary bases on the mRNA
Amino acids bonded to tRNA form peptide bonds
Polypeptide is formed till stop codon is reached
What does translation require?
ATP
