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BIO 2104 > MICROBIAL NUTRITION + GROWTH CH 9 > Flashcards

MICROBIAL NUTRITION + GROWTH CH 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the essential nutrients of a bacterial cell?

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfur

CHONPS

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2
Q

Define Nutrient

A

Substances taken from the environment and used in the cell

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3
Q

Define Phototrophs

A

Microbes that photosynthesize

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3
Q

Define Essential Nutrient

A

Must be provided for the organisms survival

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4
Q

Define Chemotrophs

A

Microbes that gain energy from chemical compounds

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5
Q

Define Autotrophs

A

Microbes that make thier own resources from elements and raw materials

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6
Q

Define Heterotroph

A

Must consume other organsims to gain resources

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7
Q

Organic Nutrient

A

Contains Carbon and Hydrogen in the same molecule

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8
Q

Inorganic Nutrients

A

Does not contain both Carbon and Hydrogen in the same molecule

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9
Q

How do Heterotrophs obtain carbon? Is it organic or inorganic?

A

Heterotrophs consume other organisms for carbon

This is an organic from because all organisms are organic

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10
Q

How do Autotrops obtain carbon? Is it organic or inorganic?

A

These are self feeders they get carbon from carbon dioxide in the environment

Because carbon dioxide does not have hydrogen, it is inorganic

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11
Q

Algae is an example of a ____troph

A

Photoautotroph
Captures energy from light and from the environment (self)

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12
Q

Animals, Protozoans, and Fungi are examples of ___troph

A

Chemoheterotroph
Gain energy from chemical compounds + Other Organisms

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13
Q

Define Diffusion

A

The movement of molecule from a high to low concentration

Cube of sugar in hot coffee

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14
Q

Define the two types of chemoheterotrophs

A

They derive nutrients from chemical componds and other organisms

Saprobe - Consumes dead tissue (decomposers)
Parasite - Consume tissue from a living host

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15
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water

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16
Q

Isotonic. Which way does water flow?

A

The concentration inside and outside of the cell is equal
Water does not move

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17
Q

Hypertonic. Which way does water flow?

A

The concentration outside of the cell is higher than the concentration inside the cell
Water moves out of the cell

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18
Q

Hypotonic. Which way does water flow?

A

The concentration inside the cell is higher than the concentration outisde of the cell;
Water moves into the cell

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19
Q

Passive Transport

A

Occurs without energy;
Moves down it’s concentration gradient

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20
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Occurs without energy;
The movement of molecules down its concentration gradient with the assistance of membrane proteins

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21
Q

Active Transport

A

The movement of molecules (usually against the concentration gradient) that requires energy (happens much faster than passive transport)

22
Q

A ______ environment has a higher concentration of solutes outside of the cell than inside the cell

A

Hypertonic

23
Q

What are the four environmental factors that influence microbes

A

Heat
Cold
Gases
Other microbes

24
Q

Fastest growth and metabolism happen at what temperature range

A

Optimal Temperature

25
Q

What are cardinal temperatures? Minimum vs Maximum Temps

A

The range of temperatures that allow for the growth of microbial species (minimum, optimum, maximum)

Minimum Temp - Lowest possible temp for growth and metabolism

Maximum Temp - Highest possible temp for growth and metabolism

26
Q

What are mesophiles

A

The organisms that tend to live in and on us because we are in their optimal temperature range

27
Q

What are the four different oxygen requirements for microbes

A

Aerobe - Uses oxygen
Microaerophile - Use little amounts of Oxygen
Facultative anaerobe - Can give or take Oxygen
Anaerobe - Die in the presence of oxygen

28
Q

Identify and describe the results of test tube 1

A

Only grows at the top where oxygen is
Obligate aerobe (oxygen is a must)

29
Q

Identify and describe the results of test tube 2

A

Grows at the top and throughout the water
Facultative Anaerobe

30
Q

Identify and describe the results of test tube 3

A

Grows at the top and throughout the water
Facultative Anaerobe

31
Q

Identify and describe the results of test tube 4

A

Only grows in the absence of oxygen
Obligate Anaerobe

32
Q

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS:
Symbiosis

A

Two organisms that live in close relationship where at least one requires the other to survive

33
Q

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS:
Nonsymbiotic

A

Two organisms that live in close relationship but neither require each other to live

34
Q

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS:
Mutualism

A

Symbiotic
Relationship benefits both organisms (+/+)

35
Q

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS:
Commensalism

A

Symbiotic
Relationship Benefits one but not the other (+/o)

36
Q

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS:
Parasitism

A

Symbiotic
Relationship benefits one and harms the other (+/-)

37
Q

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS:
Antagonism

A

Nonsymbiotic
Arises when members of a community compete (-/-)

38
Q

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ORGANISMS:
Synergism

A

Nonsymbiotic
A relationship that benefits both but is not required (+/+)

39
Q

If a bacteria lives on your skin and causes no harm or benefit to you is an example of what type of relationship

A

Commensalism (+/o)
Benefits one but not the other

40
Q

A helminth eats the body of the host causing pain and inflammation to the host is an example of what type of relationship

A

Parasitic (+/-)

41
Q

Define generation time or doubling time

A

The time required for a population to double (how long it takes for one cell to become 2)

42
Q

Describe the steps of PCR

A

Denature: Heat up DNA strands to separate them
Annealing: Cool down DNA so primers can bind
Extension: Make a copy of the DNA using DNA polymerase
Repeat

DAER

Uses DNA to detect changes within DNA

43
Q

How can we measure growth in liquid broth

A

Use light to measure turbidity (how much light goes through a tube)

44
Q

Coulter Counter vs Flow Cytometer

A

Coulter Counter: Filters and counts the amount of cells in a sample

Flow Cytometer: Filters, counts, and identifies the types of cells in a sample based on cell size

45
Q

Photoautotroph

A

Photosynthesize AND make their own resources from acquired nutrients

46
Q

Chemoheterotroph

A

Get nutrients from chemical compounts and other organisms

47
Q

Parasitic microorganisms are considered _______

A

Pathogenic

48
Q

Phagocytosis vs Pinocytosis vs Receptor Mediated Endocytosis

A

Phagocytosis - Eating particles

Pinocytosis - Drinking ecf to learn about the environment a cell is in

Receptor Mediated Endocytosis - Bind to receptors and allow a molecule in the cell

49
Q

What is the epitome of synergistic relationships?

A

Biofilms

50
Q

Pathogenic microboes have an optimum growth range of:

A

30-40 *C

51
Q

How do prokaryotes divide? Describe this process

A

Binary fission; everything in the cell is duplicated and it forms a septum to split the single cell into two cells

52
Q
A

BIO 2104 (10 decks)

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