Week 8 - Imbalances - including Nernst predictions Flashcards
Nernst = depression = hyperpolarized
Causes:
SIADH, fresh water drowning
Issues: cerebral edema, hypertension
S/S: feelings of impending doom, lethargy, low LOC
Hypervolemic Hyponatremia
Nernst: depression = hyperpolarized
Issues: Low aldosterone, diuretics of Na+
Issues: Hypotension, tachycardia
S/S: slow digestion, nausea, anorexia, vomiting
Hypovolemic Hyponatremia
Nernst: Excitation = depolarized
Causes: diarrhea, fever
Issues: Hypotension, tachycardia
S/S: Hallucinations, seizures
Hypovolemic Hypernatremia
Nernst: excitation = depolarization
Causes: hyperaldosteronism, saltwater drowning
Issues: hypertension
Hypervolemic Hypernatremia
Nernst: depression - hyperpolarized
Causes: Alkalosis, high insulin, Cushing’s, hyperaldosterone
S/S: Slow smooth muscle, then skeletal, then heart
Hypokalemia
Nernst: Excitation = depolarized
Causes: Acidosis, Addison’s, Low aldosterone, redistribution from cell
S/S: Explosive diarrhea, paresthesia, ectopic foci
Hyperkalemia
Nernst: excitation = depolarized
Causes: PTH inactive, alkalosis
S/S: carpopedal spasms, Trousseau’s sign, paresthesia
Hypocalcemia
Nernst: Depression = hypoerpolarized
Causes: Hyperparathyroidism, excess VIT D, acidosis
S/S: Slow poor muscle control, anorexia, constipation
Hypercalcemia
Nernst: Excitation = depolarized
Causes: Mg diuretic, Vit D & PTH low, reduces absorption, GI pumping
S/S: Athetoid movement, laryngeal stridor
Hypomagnesemia
Nernst: Depression = hyperpolarized
Causes: DKA - dehydration
S/S: dysarthria, lethargy, hypotension, vasodilation
Hypermagnesemia
Nernst: Depression = hyperpolarized
Causes: DKA Tx - shift Mg, K, P to cell, major burns - shift in
S/S: Tissue anoxia without DPG
Hypophosphatemia
Nernst: excitation= depolarized
Causes: Chemo, Rhabdo, crushing = shifts out
Issues: Hyperreflexia due to secondary low calcium
S/S: Crystals of calcium phosphate
Hyperphosphatemia
