Week 9 - Cumulative Review

Question 1

Which factor(s) are proportional to blood flow rate?

A. Pressure gradient
B. Viscosity
C. Friction
D. Vessel length

F = ▲Pπr⁴
———
8nL

Answer 1

A. Pressure gradient

Question 2

Which hormone impacts the cardiovascular system by vasodilating?

A. Angiotensin
B. Atrial natriuretic peptide
C. ADH
D. Epinephrine

Answer 2

B. Atrial natriuretic peptide

All others vasoconstrict & do other functions as well

Question 3

Circulatory Shock can be caused by many means, but which of these are considered indirect?
A. Hemorrhage
B. Burns
C. Trauma
D. Dehydration

Answer 3

B. Burns
D. Dehydration

Question 4

What two cell types are specifically involved in creating the memory involved in adaptive immunity?

Answer 4

B cells & T cells

Question 5

Active immunization (vaccination) would contain what substance?

Answer 5

Antigens – to initiate immune response

Question 6

Transplant rejection & autoimmunity would both involve this specific immune system component that helps normally to differentiate our cells from foreign cells.

Answer 6

Major histocompatibility complex (MHCs)

Question 7

In Fick’s Law of diffusion of gases, the diffusion rate is proportional to which of the following.

A. Surface area
B. Thickness of respiratory membrane
C. Pressure difference
D. all of the above

Answer 7

A. Surface area
C. Pressure difference

Vg = (A)(P1-P2)(D)
——————-
(T)

Question 8

Name 4 factors that influence the unbinding of O2 from hemoglobin at the tissues.

Answer 8

1. pO2
2. pCO2
3. temperature
4. pH

Question 9

The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve tells us that under exercise conditions the utilization coefficient would be expected to be _____% of oxygen bound to hemoglobin.

Answer 9

75%

Question 10

At the LUNGS the chloride shift occurs in which direction AND involves exchange for what other ion?

Answer 10

Chloride shifts out RBC’s & bicarbonate into

Question 11

In addition to the medulla oblongata, what two other regions of the brain can regulate respiratory rate?

Answer 11

1. Cortex – voluntary regulation
2. Hypothalamus – emotional
3. OR Pons

Question 12

If pH is low, pCO2 is low & bicarbonate is low, what type of pH disturbance is this specifically?

Answer 12

Partially Compensated Metabolic Acidosis

Question 13

The receptors involved in the baroreflex & chemoreflex of cardiovascular regulation are located in what two regions of the body?

Answer 13

Carotid arteries & aorta

Question 14

Which component of systemic NFP is normally expected to have a value of 0 & for what reason?

Answer 14

HPif = 0 due to lymphatics

Question 15

Antigen presenting cells (APCs) in adaptive immunity act as signals to what cell type stimulating them to go through clonal selection (mitosis)?

Answer 15

Naïve helper T cells

Question 16

The sum of tidal volume, residual volume, inspiratory reserve volume & expiratory reserve volume is known as what?

Answer 16

Total lung capacity

Question 17

In accordance with Boyle’s Law as we breathe in, thoracic volume _________, and thoracic pressure _________.

Answer 17

Volume increases & pressure decreases

P1V1=P2V2

Question 18

Place these values in order from HIGHEST to LOWEST. The amount of CO2 traveling in the bloodstream…

Dissolved in plasma
Bicarbonate
Bound to hemoglobin

Answer 18

Bicarbonate = 70%
Bound to hemoglobin = 20%
Dissolved in plasma = 7-10%

Question 19

If we start to go up in elevation which value will fall first SO2, OR pO2?

Answer 19

Partial pressure falls & oxygen saturation may then fall

Question 20

Put these vessel types in order starting closest to the heart and working out to the body.

Resistance arteries
Venules
Distributing arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Conducting arteries

Answer 20

1. Conducting arteries = Elastic
2. Distributing arteries = Muscular
3. Resistance arteries = Arterioles
4. Capillaries
5. Venules
6. Veins