Energy Sources Flashcards

1
Q

Six categories of nutrients = ?

Energy Sources

A

Six Categories of Nutrients:

  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Lipids
  3. Proteins
  4. Vitamins
  5. Minerals
  6. Water
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2
Q

Forms of energy include = ?

Energy Sources

A

Forms of energy:

  • Chemical - food
  • Heat -
  • Mechanical - ATP
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3
Q

Formation of glycogen from glucose = ?

Energy Sources

A

Glycogenesis: Formation of glycogen from glucose

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4
Q

Breaking down of glycogen into glucose = ?

Energy Sources

A

Glycogenolysis: Breaking down of glycogen into glucose.

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5
Q

The process of making glucose from its own breakdown products or the breakdown products of lipids & proteins = ?

Energy Sources

A

Gluconeogenesis: The process of making glucose from its own breakdown, or from the breakdown products of lipids and/or proteins.

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6
Q

_ (?) _ carbohydrates will take longer for the body to convert into sucrose or glucose and will be rich in vitamins and nutrients.

Energy Sources

A

Complex carbohydrates will take longer for the body to convert into sucrose or glucose and will be rich in vitamins and nutrients.

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7
Q

Two fats important for metabolism = ?

Energy Sources

A

Two fats important for metabolism:

(1) Fatty acids:

  • Saturated = Animal products
  • Unsaturated = Plant products

(2) Triglycerides:

  • Form of fatty acids stored in fat cells
  • Glycerol + 3 fatty acids
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8
Q

T/F:
A lipid (fat) molecule has the identical structural elements of carbs but differ in number of atoms.

Energy Sources

A

True

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9
Q

Saturated Fats come from what source?

Energy Sources

A

Animal

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10
Q

Unsaturated Fats come from what source?

Energy Sources

A

Plant

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11
Q

Lipids serve as what?

Energy Sources

A

A source of fuel and are an important contituent of the structure of cells

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12
Q

Role of Lipids in the body

Energy Sources

A
  1. Energy source and reserve
  2. Protection of vital organs
  3. Thermal insulation
  4. Vitamin carrier
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13
Q

Proteins: How many kcal/gram and what percent of calories should come from them?

Energy Sources

A

4 Kcal/gm and 10-15% of calories

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14
Q

Essential Amino Acids

Energy Sources

A

Must be ingested in food; cannot be synthesized

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15
Q

Nonessential amino acids

Energy Sources

A

Can be synthesized by body

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16
Q

What are enzymes?

Energy Sources

A

Protein molecules that facilitate a chemical reaction
Facilitate and increase speed of reaction

17
Q

What is catabolic reaction?

Energy Sources

A

The breaking down of substrate into molecules
Ex: Protein -> Amino Acids

18
Q

What is Anabolic Reaction?

Energy Sources

A

The formation of product from molecules

19
Q

A group of substances that are essential for overall health, normal cell function, growth, and development

Energy Sources

A

Vitamins and Minerals

20
Q

Vitamins and Minerals help with what?

Energy Sources

A

Building bones, healing wounds, and bolster the immune system
They also convert food into energy and repair cellular damage

21
Q

Vitamin B12 is important for what?

A

Metabolism
It also helps form red blood cells and maintain the central nervous system

22
Q

Vitamin K is needed for why?

A

Without it, blood would not stick together

23
Q

Iron is needed for what?

A

Iron is a vital part of hemoglobin, which transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body