Respiratory System Flashcards
Which of the following structures is responsible for conducting air into and out of the lungs?
- A) Pharynx
- B) Alveoli
- C) Bronchioles
- D) Pleural sac
Respiratory System
Which of the following structures is responsible for conducting air into and out of the lungs?
- A) Pharynx
- B) Alveoli
- C) Bronchioles
- D) Pleural sac
- The pharynx is the structure responsible for conducting air into and out of the lungs. It serves as a common passageway for both air and food.
- The other options (B) Alveoli, (C) Bronchioles, and (D) Pleural sac are not primarily involved in the process of conducting air into and out of the lungs.
What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?
- A) Humidify air
- B) Filter air
- C) Exchange gases between air and blood
- D) Warm air
Respiratory System
What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?
- A) Humidify air
- B) Filter air
- C) Exchange gases between air and blood
- D) Warm air
- The alveoli are responsible for the exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and the blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli.
- This process allows for the diffusion of oxygen into the blood and the removal of carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli.
- Options (A) Humidify air, (B) Filter air, and (D) Warm air are functions performed by other structures in the respiratory system.
Which of the following muscles is primarily involved in inspiration during quiet breathing?
- A) Rectus abdominis
- B) Internal intercostals
- C) Diaphragm
- D) Sternocleidomastoid
Respiratory System
Which of the following muscles is primarily involved in inspiration during quiet breathing?
- A) Rectus abdominis
- B) Internal intercostals
- C) Diaphragm
- D) Sternocleidomastoid
- During quiet breathing, the diaphragm is the primary muscle involved in inspiration.
- When the diaphragm contracts, it flattens, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and causing air to rush into the lungs.
- The other muscles listed (A) Rectus abdominis, (B) Internal intercostals, and (D) Sternocleidomastoid are not primarily involved in inspiration during quiet breathing.
What is the main factor affecting airflow resistance in the respiratory system?
- A) Volume of air moved per minute
- B) Diameter of the airway
- C) Frequency of breathing
- D) Elastic components of lung tissue
Respiratory System
What is the main factor affecting airflow resistance in the respiratory system?
- A) Volume of air moved per minute
- B) Diameter of the airway
- C) Frequency of breathing
- D) Elastic components of lung tissue
- The diameter of the airway is the main factor affecting airflow resistance in the respiratory system. A narrower airway diameter leads to increased resistance to airflow, while a wider diameter decreases resistance.
- Options (A) Volume of air moved per minute, (C) Frequency of breathing, and (D) Elastic components of lung tissue are not directly related to airflow resistance in the respiratory system.
Which of the following structures in the respiratory system is responsible for trapping airborne particles?
- A) Bronchioles
- B) Alveoli
- C) Nasal cavity
- D) Pharynx
Respiratory System
Which of the following structures in the respiratory system is responsible for trapping airborne particles?
- A) Bronchioles
- B) Alveoli
- C) Nasal cavity
- D) Pharynx
- The nasal cavity contains mucus and cilia that work together to trap airborne particles. The mucus traps particles, and the cilia move the mucus towards the oral cavity for expulsion.
- Option (A) Bronchioles, (B) Alveoli, and (D) Pharynx are not primarily responsible for trapping airborne particles.
What is the primary function of the pleural fluid in the respiratory system?
- A) Lubricate the airway
- B) Aid in gas exchange
- C) Maintain the elasticity of the lung tissue
- D) Provide a barrier against pathogens
Respiratory System
What is the primary function of the pleural fluid in the respiratory system?
- A) Lubricate the airway
- B) Aid in gas exchange
- C) Maintain the elasticity of the lung tissue
- D) Provide a barrier against pathogens
- The pleural fluid acts as a lubricant between the two layers of the pleural membrane, allowing smooth movement of the lungs during breathing.
- Option (B) Aid in gas exchange, (C) Maintain the elasticity of the lung tissue, and (D) Provide a barrier against pathogens are not primary functions of pleural fluid.
During expiration, which of the following muscles contracts to pull the ribs downward?
- A) External intercostals
- B) Rectus abdominis
- C) Internal intercostals
- D) Sternocleidomastoid
Respiratory System
During expiration, which of the following muscles contracts to pull the ribs downward?
- A) External intercostals
- B) Rectus abdominis
- C) Internal intercostals
- D) Sternocleidomastoid
- During expiration, the internal intercostal muscles contract to pull the ribs downward, decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and causing air to rush out of the lungs.
- Option (A) External intercostals, (B) Rectus abdominis, and (D) Sternocleidomastoid are not primarily involved in expiration.
What happens to the FEV1-to-FVC ratio in obstructive lung diseases such as emphysema or asthma?
- A) Increases
- B) Decreases
- C) Remains unchanged
- D) Becomes erratic
Respiratory System
What happens to the FEV1-to-FVC ratio in obstructive lung diseases such as emphysema or asthma?
- A) Increases
- B) Decreases
- C) Remains unchanged
- D) Becomes erratic
- In obstructive lung diseases such as emphysema or asthma, the FEV1-to-FVC ratio decreases. This indicates a reduction in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) relative to the forced vital capacity (FVC).
- Options (A) Increases, (C) Remains unchanged, and (D) Becomes erratic are not consistent with the typical changes seen in obstructive lung diseases.
What are the factors promoting diffusion of gases in the lungs?
- A) Thickness of alveoli
- B) Decreased surface area of alveoli
- C) Pressure similarities of oxygen & carbon dioxide between air in alveoli & blood
- D) Large surface area of alveoli and thinness of respiratory membrane
Respiratory System
What are the factors promoting diffusion of gases in the lungs?
- A) Thickness of alveoli
- B) Decreased surface area of alveoli
- C) Pressure similarities of oxygen & carbon dioxide between air in alveoli & blood
- D) Large surface area of alveoli and thinness of respiratory membrane
- The large surface area of alveoli and the thinness of the respiratory membrane facilitate efficient gas exchange by promoting diffusion.
- Options (A) Thickness of alveoli and (B) Decreased surface area of alveoli would impede diffusion.
- Option (C) Pressure similarities are not factors promoting diffusion.
Which gas diffusion condition must be met for oxygen to move from the alveoli into the blood?
- A) PO2 in alveoli must be less than in blood
- B) PO2 in alveoli must be greater than in blood
- C) PCO2 in alveoli must be less than in blood
- D) PCO2 in alveoli must be greater than in blood
Respiratory System
Which gas diffusion condition must be met for oxygen to move from the alveoli into the blood?
- A) PO2 in alveoli must be less than in blood
- B) PO2 in alveoli must be greater than in blood
- C) PCO2 in alveoli must be less than in blood
- D) PCO2 in alveoli must be greater than in blood
- Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood when the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the alveoli is greater than in the blood.
- Option (A) PO2 in alveoli must be less than in blood is incorrect. Options (C) and (D) are irrelevant to oxygen diffusion.
What is the primary method of oxygen transport in the blood?
- A) Dissolved in plasma
- B) Bound to bicarbonate
- C) Bound to hemoglobin
- D) Bound to plasma proteins
Respiratory System
What is the primary method of oxygen transport in the blood?
- A) Dissolved in plasma
- B) Bound to bicarbonate
- C) Bound to hemoglobin
- D) Bound to plasma proteins
- Oxygen is primarily transported in the blood by binding to hemoglobin in red blood cells.
- Options (A), (B), and (D) are not the primary methods of oxygen transport.
During exercise, what effect does increased blood flow have on gas diffusion in the lungs?
- A) Decreases gas diffusion
- B) Increases gas diffusion
- C) No effect on gas diffusion
- D) Reverses gas diffusion
Respiratory System
During exercise, what effect does increased blood flow have on gas diffusion in the lungs?
- A) Decreases gas diffusion
- B) Increases gas diffusion
- C) No effect on gas diffusion
- D) Reverses gas diffusion
- Increased blood flow during exercise results in increased gas diffusion in the lungs. While it may decrease the time available for equilibration, the increased capillary blood volume slows down blood flow, facilitating gas exchange.
- Options (A) Decreases gas diffusion, (C) No effect on gas diffusion, and (D) Reverses gas diffusion are incorrect.
Which gas diffusion condition must be met for carbon dioxide to move from the blood into the alveoli?
- A) PO2 in blood must be greater than in alveoli
- B) PO2 in blood must be less than in alveoli
- C) PCO2 in blood must be greater than in alveoli
- D) PCO2 in blood must be less than in alveoli
Respiratory System
Which gas diffusion condition must be met for carbon dioxide to move from the blood into the alveoli?
- A) PO2 in blood must be greater than in alveoli
- B) PO2 in blood must be less than in alveoli
- C) PCO2 in blood must be greater than in alveoli
- D) PCO2 in blood must be less than in alveoli
- Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli when the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in the blood is greater than in the alveoli.
- Options (A) and (B) relate to oxygen diffusion, while option (D) is incorrect.
What is the main function of oxyhemoglobin in the blood?
- A) Transporting carbon dioxide
- B) Dissolving oxygen in plasma
- C) Binding and transporting oxygen
- D) Transporting bicarbonate
Respiratory System
What is the main function of oxyhemoglobin in the blood?
- A) Transporting carbon dioxide
- B) Dissolving oxygen in plasma
- C) Binding and transporting oxygen
- D) Transporting bicarbonate
- Oxyhemoglobin is formed when oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, facilitating the transport of oxygen to tissues.
- Options (A), (B), and (D) are incorrect functions of oxyhemoglobin.
Which of the following methods accounts for the highest percentage of carbon dioxide transport in the blood?
- A) Dissolved in plasma
- B) Bound to hemoglobin
- C) Bound to bicarbonate
- D) Transported as carbaminohemoglobin
Respiratory System
Which of the following methods accounts for the highest percentage of carbon dioxide transport in the blood?
- A) Dissolved in plasma
- B) Bound to hemoglobin
- C) Bound to bicarbonate
- D) Transported as carbaminohemoglobin
- Seventy percent of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as bicarbonate ions.
- Options (A), (B), and (D) account for smaller percentages of carbon dioxide transport.
How does the thickness of the respiratory membrane affect gas diffusion in the lungs?
- A) Thicker membrane increases diffusion
- B) Thinner membrane decreases diffusion
- C) Thicker membrane decreases diffusion
- D) Thinner membrane increases diffusion
Respiratory System
How does the thickness of the respiratory membrane affect gas diffusion in the lungs?
- A) Thicker membrane increases diffusion
- B) Thinner membrane decreases diffusion
- C) Thicker membrane decreases diffusion
- D) Thinner membrane increases diffusion
- A thinner respiratory membrane facilitates faster gas diffusion in the lungs by reducing the distance gases must traverse.
- Options (A) and (C) are incorrect, as a thicker membrane would impede diffusion. Option (B) is also incorrect, as a thinner membrane would increase, not decrease, diffusion.
Which of the following factors contributes to an increase in the velocity of blood passing through pulmonary capillaries?
- A) Decreased blood flow during exercise
- B) Increased time available for equilibration
- C) Decreased capillary blood volume
- D) Increased blood flow during exercise
Respiratory System
Which of the following factors contributes to an increase in the velocity of blood passing through pulmonary capillaries?
- A) Decreased blood flow during exercise
- B) Increased time available for equilibration
- C) Decreased capillary blood volume
- D) Increased blood flow during exercise
- Increased blood flow during exercise results in a higher velocity of blood passing through pulmonary capillaries.
- Options (A) Decreased blood flow during exercise, (B) Increased time available for equilibration, and (C) Decreased capillary blood volume would not lead to an increase in blood velocity during exercise.
