Ch 5 - Textbook

Question 1

6 Essential Nutrients

Answer 1

proteins, fats, carbs, vitamins, minerals, and water

Question 2

Essential Nutrients

Answer 2

Substances the body
must get from foods
because it cannot
manufacture them
at all or fast enough
to meet its needs;

Question 3

Macronutrients

Answer 3

Essential nutrients needed in large amounts; include protein, fat, and carbohydrate

Question 4

Micronutrients

Answer 4

Essential nutrients needed in minute amounts; include vitamins and minerals

Question 5

Digestion

Answer 5

Process of breaking down foods in gastrointestinal tract for absorption

Question 6

Calories

Answer 6

Measure of energy content in food; fat = 9 cal/g, protein = 4 cal/g, carb = 4 cal/g

Question 7

Kilocalories

Answer 7

Energy unit in food; 1 kcal = heat to raise 1L water by 1°C; commonly referred to as a calorie

Question 8

Proteins are made up of

Answer 8

amino acids,

Question 9

Proteins form

Answer 9

muscles and bones

and help make up blood, enzymes, hormones, and cell membranes.

Question 10

Foods from animal sources provide

Answer 10

complete proteins;

Question 11

Foods from plant sources provide

Answer 11

incomplete proteins

Question 12

Gastrointestinal Tract

Answer 12

System for digesting food and absorbing nutrients; includes mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines

Question 13

Nutritional Requirements

Answer 13

Components of a healthy diet; include proteins, fats, carbs, vitamins, minerals, and water

Question 14

Essential Nutrients Sources

Answer 14

Proteins: meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, legumes, nuts; Carbs: grains, fruits, vegetables; Fats: animal foods, grains, nuts, seeds

Question 15

Macronutrients Functions

Answer 15

Proteins: body parts, enzymes, hormones, energy;

Carbs: brain energy, muscle fuel;

Fats: energy, organ support

Question 16

Micronutrients Functions

Answer 16

Vitamins: speed up chemical reactions;

Minerals: regulate body functions, aid growth

Question 17

Serotonin

Answer 17

Neurotransmitter linked to a calm, relaxed state

Question 18

Endorphins

Answer 18

Brain chemicals reducing pain and promoting well-being

Question 19

legumes

Answer 19

Vegetables, such
as peas, lentils,
and beans, that
are high in fibre
and are also
important sources
of protein.

Question 20

Meat, fish,
poultry, eggs, milk, cheese, and soy

Answer 20

provide
complete proteins

Question 21

plant sources, such
as legumes and nuts,

Answer 21

are Incomplete proteins