7.1 Inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

Define genotype.

A

The genetic constitution of an organism

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2
Q

Define phenotype.

A

The expression of an organism’s genetic constitution

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3
Q

What is an allele?

A

Different forms of a particular gene found at the same locus on a chromosomes

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4
Q

How many alleles do diploid organisms carry per gene?

A

Two

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5
Q

What is meant by a dominant allele?

A

An allele whose characteristic will always appear in the phenotype, whether one or two are present

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6
Q

What is meant by a recessive allele?

A

An allele whose characteristic will only appear in the phenotype if no dominant allele is present, meaning two must be present

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7
Q

What is meant by codominant alleles?

A

Two dominant alleles that both contribute to the phenotype

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8
Q

What is meant by homozygous?

A

Both alleles are the same, dominant or recessive

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9
Q

What is meant by heterozygous?

A

Both alleles are the different, one is dominant and one is recessive

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10
Q

Define monohybrid inheritance.

A

Where one phenotypic characteristic is controlled by a single gene

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11
Q

Define dihybrid inheritance.

A

Where two phenotypic characteristics are determined by two different genes present on two different chromosomes at the same time

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12
Q

What is meant by sex-linkage?

A

Where an allele is located on one of the sex chromosomes, meaning its expression depends on the sex of the individual

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13
Q

Why are males more likely to express recessive sex-linked alleles?

A

Most are located on the X chromosome so males only get one copy of the allele and will express the characteristic even if its recessive
Females get two copies of the allele

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14
Q

Which parent do males inherit sex-linked characteristics from?

A

Maternal parent as the Y chromosome can only come from the paternal

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15
Q
A
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