Hypothermia and Hypoglycemia in small ruminant neonates Flashcards

1
Q

What body temperature must lambs maintain at birth?

A

102.2-104 F.

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2
Q

What is the temperature range for mild-moderate hypothermia?

A

98.6-102.2 F.

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3
Q

What is the temperature range for severe hypothermia?

A

Less than 98.6 F.

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4
Q

What are the risk factors for hypothermia?

A
  1. Increased body surface area-Small lambs and those that are siblings are more at risk.
  2. Maternal care-How quickly does the ewe dry the lamb?
  3. Coat insulation-thin-coated lambs are more susceptible.
  4. Drafty/Cold/Rainy conditions or environment.
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5
Q

What are some methods for preventing hypothermia?

A
  1. Ensure colostrum intake ASAP.
  2. Indoor lambing.
  3. Observation of lambing-allows for quick transport to indoor enclosure.
  4. Excellent maternal nutrition-to maximize placental size.
  5. Short lambing season (via estrous synchronization?)-decreased labor needs.
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6
Q

What type of fat do lambs accumulate in-utero?

A

Brown fat.

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7
Q

How does ewe nutrition during gestation impact brown fat accumulation in lambs?

A

Poor ewe nutrition leads to reduced brown fat reserves in newborn lambs.

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8
Q

What is brown fat used for?

A

It is used to generate energy and maintain body temperature in newborn lambs.

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9
Q

What initiates the use of brown fat?

A
  1. Oxygen intake.
  2. Colostrum consumption.
    *Weak lambs that are unable or slow to nurse may have a delayed start to brown fat metabolism.
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10
Q

How long do brown fat stores last once they start being metabolized?

A

5-12 hours.

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11
Q

What happens once all of the brown fat has been consumed?

A

The lamb must get energy and heat from milk.

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12
Q

What is a lamb at risk of if they do not get enough energy from milk?

A
  1. Hypoglycemia.
  2. Hypothermia.
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13
Q

What are the signs of hypothermia and -glycemia?

A
  1. Decreased to absent suckle reflex.
  2. Weakness.
  3. Seizures (lack of glucose to the brain).
  4. Lethargy.
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14
Q

What is the goal of treating hypothermia/-glycemia?

A

Provide warmth and nutrition.

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15
Q

What is the ideal amount of colostrum to tube feed initially?

A

50 mL/kg.

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16
Q

What is the treatment plan for hypothermia/-glycemia for a lamb that cannot swallow?

A

The lamb needs to be warmed and provided with glucose via intraperitoneal injection (done by a veterinarian).
*Warm with circulating air as opposed to direct heat. Use a warming box.

17
Q

What are the necessary supplies for orogastric intubation?

A
  1. Catheter tip syringe.
  2. Red Rubber catheter.
    *Requires proper training to perform to avoid placing it in the trachea.