A.I., A.S.F., E.I.A. .

Question 1

What is avian influenza?

Answer 1

Viral disease of domesticated and wild fowl.

Question 2

What are the 2 forms of avian influenza?

Answer 2

1. Low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI).
2. High-pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI).

Question 3

How many viral subtypes of avian influenza are there?

Answer 3

16 subtypes.

*Mutations in types 5 and 7 result in HPAI.

Question 4

What are the characteristics of LPAI?

Answer 4

1. Birds may be asymptomatic.
2. If symptomatic, signs are typically due to respiratory disease and a drop in egg production.

Question 5

What are the symptoms of HPAI?

Answer 5

1. Multiple organ failure.
2. High mortality rate.
3. Sudden death.

Question 6

What is the treatment for avian influenza?

Answer 6

Antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections.

*No approved antiviral treatment in birds.

Question 7

What are the prevention measures for avian influenza?

Answer 7

Vaccines are available, but have to be used under direction of the state veterinarian.

Question 8

What are the control measures for avian influenza?

Answer 8

1. Mass depopulation in affected flocks.
2. Strict biosecurity in domestic poultry (can easily spread in wild fowl).

Question 9

Is avian influenza zoonotic?

Answer 9

Yes.
*Asian lineage is more severe in people than the North American lineage.

Question 10

What is African swine fever?

Answer 10

A highly infectious and contagious viral disease of domestic and wild swine.

Question 11

What does African Swine fever result in?

Answer 11

A hemorrhagic disease.

Question 12

Is African swine flu zoonotic?

Answer 12

No.

Question 13

What are the 2 ways African Swine Fever is transmitted?

Answer 13

1. From wild swine to domestic swine via ticks.
2. Oronasal route between swine, especially in domestic swine.

Question 14

What are the signs of African swine fever?

Answer 14

1. Peracute, sudden death.
2. Hemorrhage (Reddening of body, ears, snout, bleeding from external orifices).
3. Fever.

Question 15

What is equine infectious anemia?

Answer 15

An infectious retrovirus in equids.

Question 16

How is equine infectious anemia transmitted?

Answer 16

Biting flies (Horse and deer) and other vectors.

Question 17

What does equine infectious anemia result in?

Answer 17

Anemia and thrombocytopenia.

Question 18

Can horses recover from equine infectious anemia?

Answer 18

Yes.
*Can return asymptomatic and be a source of infection for other equids.

Question 19

What is the treatment for equine infectious anemia?

Answer 19

No treatment or vaccine exists, only surveillance through an annual Coggins Test and isolation of infected equids at least 200 yards away from any other equids or euthanasia.