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ANS 421: Animal Health and Disease > Wound Management and Bandaging > Flashcards

Wound Management and Bandaging Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first phase of wound healing?

A

The inflammatory phase.

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2
Q

What is the length of the inflammatory phase?

A

From when the wound is made to 3-5 days afterwards.

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3
Q

What form during the inflammatory phase?

A

Blood clots.

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4
Q

What are the functions of blood clots in the inflammatory phase?

A
  1. Control bleeding.
  2. Stabilize the wound edges.
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5
Q

What cells enter the wound during the inflammatory phase?

A

Inflammatory cells.

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6
Q

What is the function of inflammatory cells during the inflammatory process?

A

Removing bacteria and debris.

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7
Q

What is the second phase of wound healing?

A

The proliferative phase.

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8
Q

What is the length of the proliferative phase?

A

Begins 2-3 days after the wound was made and can last for weeks.

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9
Q

What types of cells enter the wound during the proliferative phase?

A
  1. Endothelial cells.
  2. Fibroblast cells.
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10
Q

What type of tissue fills in the wound during the proliferative phase?

A

Granulation tissue.

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11
Q

What is the function of granulation tissue?

A

To act as a barrier against infection.

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12
Q

When does epithelialization begin?

A

4-5 days after the wound was made.

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13
Q

How does epithelialization occur?

A

It starts at the edges of the wound and moves inward.

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14
Q

What is an overgrowth of granulation tissue called in horses?

A

Proud flesh.

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15
Q

How is proud flesh treated?

A

The overgrowth is sawed back down to normal level and the wound is wrapped in a bandage to promote healing.

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16
Q

What is the third phase of wound healing?

A

The maturation phase.

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17
Q

What is the length of the maturation phase?

A

Begins 3 weeks after the wound was made and can last for months.

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18
Q

What type of connective tissue is remodeled and realigned during the maturation phase?

A

Collagen fibers.

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19
Q

When the wound is fully healed, is it as strong as it was before the injury?

A

No, it will never be as strong.

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20
Q

During which phase of wound healing does the tissue around/in the wound regain strength?

A

The maturation phase.

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21
Q

What should be used to clean a wound?

A

Chlorohexidine solution (blue). A Chlorohexidine scrub cannot be used because it contains abrasive compounds.

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22
Q

How is hair removed from a wound that needed to have hair clipped out from around it?

A

Sterile lube is placed in the wound to catch the hair that would have fallen into the wound. The lube is also easy to clean up.

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23
Q

Why are antibiotic creams and powders not placed in wounds?

A

Because they will not easily wash out of the wound when the wound is flushed later on.

24
Q

What things are acceptable to place in a wound?

A
  1. Sugar and honey (help get bacteria out of the wound).
  2. Water-soluble antibiotic ointments (can easily be washed out and reapplied).
25
Q

What is used to cover a wound?

A

A clean and dry bandage.

26
Q

What is a wound lavage?

A

When a wound is flushed with a solution.

27
Q

Why is a wound lavage done?

A
  1. To remove loose particles and debris.
  2. To reduce bacteria.
28
Q

How is a wound lavage done?

A

Directing a solution with a pressure of 8-12 psi containing no antibiotics/soaps/antiseptics/detergents at a wound as a form of disinfection and debridement.

29
Q

How is 8-12 psi achieved?

A

Using a 35mL syringe with an 18g needle.

30
Q

What would a typical wound lavage solution be?

A
  1. .05% Chlorohexidine solution (1/40 dilution).
  2. .1% povidone-iodine solution (1/10 dilution).
  3. Sterile isotonic fluids (ex: LRS).
31
Q

Why is wound debridement done?

A
  1. Remove foreign material.
  2. Remove contaminated, necrotic, or devitalized tissue.
32
Q

What kind of wound is considered for primary wound closure?

A

Fresh, sharply incised, and clean wound.

33
Q

What are the types of debridement?

A
  1. Medical grade maggots.
  2. Hypertonic solutions (honey, sugar).
  3. Enzymatic debridement (trypsin products).
  4. Surgical excision of affected tissue.
34
Q

What are the 8 considerations for wound closure?

A
  1. Location of wound (highly mobile or immobile location).
  2. Closure without tension or dead space.
  3. Animal health.
  4. Thoroughness of debridement.
  5. Blood supply to the wound.
  6. Amount of tissue damage.
  7. Time lapse since injury.
  8. Degree of contamination.
35
Q

How much trauma does a wound sustain during primary wound closure?

A

Minimal.

36
Q

How much contamination does a wound sustain during primary wound closure?

A

Minimal.

37
Q

When does suturing or grafting occur during primary wound closure?

A

Soon after the injury is sustained, during the 6-8 hour golden period.

38
Q

What does primary wound closure result in?

A

First intention, appositional healing.

39
Q

When is a wound closed during delayed primary wound closure?

A

1-3 days after the injury or after the golden period.
*Before granulation tissue appears.

40
Q

What type of wound is considered for primary wound closure?

A
  1. Mildly contaminated.
  2. Minimally traumatized.
    *Some debridement and cleansing needed.
41
Q

What are wounds allowed to do during second intention healing?

A

Heal without surgical closure as a result of epithelialization and contraction.
*May be difficult due to location and/or size of the wound.

42
Q

What type of wounds undergo second intention healing?

A

Dirty, traumatized, contaminated wounds.
*Cleansing and debridement are necessary.

43
Q

What type of wounds are considered for third intention healing?

A

Wounds that are severely contaminated, severely traumatized, where epithelialization and contraction will not completely close wounds.

44
Q

What type of tissue is present in third intention healing?

A

Granulation tissue.

45
Q

In what 11 ways do bandages promote wound healing?

A
  1. Immobilize the wound.
  2. Minimize postoperative edema around incisions.
  3. Protect from additional trauma.
  4. Protect from contamination.
  5. Prevent wound desiccation.
  6. Prevent hematoma formation.
  7. Prevent seroma formation.
  8. Keeps the wound warm.
  9. Promotes acidic environment, increasing oxygen availability in the wound.
  10. Absorb wound exudate and lift away foreign material or loose tissue adhering to the bandage.
  11. Minimize exuberant granulation tissue formation in open wounds on lower limbs of horses.
46
Q

What is the purpose of the primary contact layer of a bandage?

A

To make direct contact with the wound surface.

47
Q

What are the characteristics of the primary contact layer?

A
  1. Occlusive or semi-occlusive.
  2. Adherent or non-adherent.
48
Q

What is the purpose of the secondary contact layer?

A

Cover the primary layer and support the wound.

49
Q

What are the characteristics of the secondary contact layer?

A
  1. Conforming layer of roll cotton or cast padding.
  2. Padded.
  3. Absorbent.
50
Q

What is the purpose of the tertiary contact layer?

A

To hold and protect the rest of the bandage.

51
Q

What are the characteristics of the tertiary contact layer?

A
  1. Non-occlusive material is preferred (Allows air and moisture transfer).
  2. Gauze and elastic tape.
52
Q

What is strikethrough?

A

When exudate from the wound soaks all the way to the tertiary layer. Is used as an indicator that the bandage needs to be changed.

53
Q

What is a cast used for?

A
  1. To stabilize fractures distal to the elbow/stifle.
  2. Immobilize the limb to protect tendons and ligaments while they heal.
54
Q

How must a cast be applied?

A

Extending from one joint above to one joint below the fracture.

55
Q

What is cast material applied in place of when treating a fracture?

A

Used in place of a tertiary contact layer.

56
Q

What are the 5 aftercare considerations for a wound?

A
  1. Restricting exercise.
  2. Preventing the animal from chewing the bandage.
  3. Look for chafing from the cast.
  4. Assess toe color, warmth, and swollenness.
  5. Foul odors (indictive of tissue damage).

ANS 421: Animal Health and Disease (25 decks)

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