Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANS 421: Animal Health and Disease > Horse Diseases > Flashcards

Horse Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Where in the United States is rabies NOT found?

A

Hawaii.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is a horse exposed to rabies?

A

Typically from a bite wound inflicted by an affected animal. Typically on the horse’s face, muzzle, or lower limbs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does a rabies infection cause in horses if untreated?

A

A fatal encephalitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the incidence rate of rabies in horses?

A

Low.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is rabies a public health concern?

A

Yes, especially in Hawaii.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How often are horses vaccinated against rabies?

A

Annually, but depends on the area and veterinarian.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of vaccines are used to prevent rabies in horses?

A

Inactivated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the causative agent for tetanus?

A

Clostridium tetani.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is C. tetani found?

A

In the GI tract of animals and ubiquitous in the environment, especially in the soil.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is a horse exposed to tetanus?

A
  1. Puncture wound.
  2. Laceration.
  3. Umbilical tissue in foals.
  4. Surgical wound. ex: Castration.
  5. Reproductive tract in post-partum mares due to trauma.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How often are horses vaccinated against tetanus?

A

Annually.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are EEE, WEE, and VEE caused by?

A

An alphavirus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is EEE prevalent?

A

North and South America.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is WEE prevalent?

A

Western U.S. .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is VEE found?

A

Central America, South America, Mexico. Occasionally in Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, and California.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are EEE, WEE, and VEE transmitted?

A

Blood borne pathogens vectored by arthropods.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What symptoms do EEE, WEE, and VEE cause in horses?

A
  1. Neurologic dysfunction (sleeping sickness).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the mortality rate for EEE, WEE, and VEE?

A

High.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the cause of WNV?

A

A flavivirus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What animal represents the majority of non-human mammalian cases of WNV?

A

Horses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What species act as reservoirs for WNV?

A

Birds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What animal acts as a vector for WNV?

A

Mosquitos.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What symptoms does WNV cause in horses?

A
  1. Neurologic dysfunction (sleeping sickness).
24
Q

What are the 2 causative agents for equine herpesvirus?

A
  1. Equine herpesvirus (EHV) type 1.
  2. EHV type 4.
25
Q

What is the alternate name for equine herpesvirus?

A

Rhinopneumonitis.

26
Q

What are the 3 ways equine herpesvirus can present and what type(s) is/are associated with each?

A
  1. Neurologic (EHV-1).
  2. Abortogenic (EHV-1).
  3. Respiratory (EHV-1 and EHV-4).
27
Q

What are the symptoms of the respiratory presentation of equine herpesvirus?

A
  1. Cough.
  2. Fever.
  3. Lethargy.
  4. Nasal discharge.
  5. Inappetence.
  6. Mandibular lymphadenopathy.
28
Q

What are the symptoms of the abortogenic presentation of equine herpesvirus?

A

Abortions in pregnant mares.

29
Q

What are the symptoms of the neurologic presentation of equine herpesvirus?

A

Equine herpes myeloencephalopathy (EHM).

30
Q

What is the range on the symptoms of equine herpesvirus?

A

Subclinical to severe.

31
Q

What makes equine herpesvirus particularly dangerous?

A

A latent infection can be established and result in asymptomatic carriers/shedders. This allows for infections in closed herds.
*Is a reportable disease in many places.

32
Q

Which two presentations of equine herpesvirus are vaccines available for?

A
  1. Respiratory.
  2. Abortogenic.
    *Some cover only one and others cover both.
33
Q

What is the duration of immunity for equine herpesvirus vaccines?

A

Short-lived.

34
Q

What animals are at a high risk of infection for equine herpesvirus?

A
  1. Pregnant mares.
  2. Competition horses.
  3. Horses at facilities that have frequent movement of horses. ex: Training facility.
  4. Foals.
  5. Weanlings.
  6. Yearlings.
35
Q

What is the causative agent for equine influenza?

A

Equine influenza A type 2 H3N8 subtype.

36
Q

How is equine influenza transmitted?

A
  1. Respiratory secretions.
  2. Fomites.
37
Q

What are the symptoms of equine influenza?

A
  1. Edema.
  2. Fever.
  3. Enlarged lymph nodes.
38
Q

What horses are at a high risk of infection for equine influenza?

A
  1. Young horses.
  2. Horses that frequently travel.
39
Q

What is the causative agent for strangles?

A

Streptococcus equi subspecies equi.

40
Q

What are the symptoms of strangles?

A
  1. Lymphadenopathy w/ or w/o abscesses.
  2. Fever.
  3. Anorexia.
  4. Nasal discharge.
  5. Dysphagia.
  6. Purpura hemorrhagica (non-contagious sequela to the disease or vaccine).
41
Q

What are the 2 vaccines for strangles?

A
  1. Intranasal MLV.
  2. Injectable KV.
42
Q

What is the causative agent of Potomac horse fever?

A

Neorickettsia risticci.

43
Q

How is Potomac horse fever transmitted?

A

When a horse ingests an insect infected with N. risticci.

44
Q

When is Potomac horse fever most prevalent?

A

Spring-Fall.

45
Q

What are the symptoms of Potomac horse fever?

A
  1. Diarrhea.
  2. Fever.
  3. Abortions.
46
Q

What is the mortality rate for Potomac horse fever?

A

5-30%.

47
Q

What is the causative agent of leptospirosis?

A

Leptospira interrogans and many serovars.

48
Q

How is leptospirosis transmitted?

A

The bacteria is shed in the urine of infected animals and other animals ingest the bacteria by consuming contaminated water or soil.

49
Q

What are the symptoms of leptospirosis?

A
  1. Uveitis (inflammation of the vasculature in the eye).
  2. Placentitis.
  3. Abortion.
  4. Renal failure.
50
Q

What is the vaccine for leptospirosis?

A

A KV.

51
Q

What is the causative agent of rotavirus?

A

2x-stranded RNA non-enveloped virus.

52
Q

What are the symptoms of rotavirus?

A
  1. Foal diarrhea.
53
Q

What age group is most commonly affected by rotavirus?

A

<6 months of age.

54
Q

How is rotavirus transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral route.

55
Q

What part of the GI tract does rotavirus damage?

A

The intestinal villi, similar to parvovirus in dogs.

56
Q

What is the vaccine against rotavirus?

A

A vaccine given to pregnant mares to provide passive immunity to foals through colostrum.

ANS 421: Animal Health and Disease (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions