Horse Diseases Flashcards
(56 cards)
Where in the United States is rabies NOT found?
Hawaii.
How is a horse exposed to rabies?
Typically from a bite wound inflicted by an affected animal. Typically on the horse’s face, muzzle, or lower limbs.
What does a rabies infection cause in horses if untreated?
A fatal encephalitis.
What is the incidence rate of rabies in horses?
Low.
Is rabies a public health concern?
Yes, especially in Hawaii.
How often are horses vaccinated against rabies?
Annually, but depends on the area and veterinarian.
What type of vaccines are used to prevent rabies in horses?
Inactivated.
What is the causative agent for tetanus?
Clostridium tetani.
Where is C. tetani found?
In the GI tract of animals and ubiquitous in the environment, especially in the soil.
How is a horse exposed to tetanus?
- Puncture wound.
- Laceration.
- Umbilical tissue in foals.
- Surgical wound. ex: Castration.
- Reproductive tract in post-partum mares due to trauma.
How often are horses vaccinated against tetanus?
Annually.
What are EEE, WEE, and VEE caused by?
An alphavirus.
Where is EEE prevalent?
North and South America.
Where is WEE prevalent?
Western U.S. .
Where is VEE found?
Central America, South America, Mexico. Occasionally in Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, and California.
How are EEE, WEE, and VEE transmitted?
Blood borne pathogens vectored by arthropods.
What symptoms do EEE, WEE, and VEE cause in horses?
- Neurologic dysfunction (sleeping sickness).
What is the mortality rate for EEE, WEE, and VEE?
High.
What is the cause of WNV?
A flavivirus.
What animal represents the majority of non-human mammalian cases of WNV?
Horses.
What species act as reservoirs for WNV?
Birds.
What animal acts as a vector for WNV?
Mosquitos.
What symptoms does WNV cause in horses?
- Neurologic dysfunction (sleeping sickness).
What are the 2 causative agents for equine herpesvirus?
- Equine herpesvirus (EHV) type 1.
- EHV type 4.
