Displaced Abomasum Flashcards
What is a displaced abomasum?
A condition in which the abomasum moves into an abnormal location, normally the R. or L. side of the abdomen.
Which side of the abdomen does the abomasum commonly displace to?
The left side.
What animals (type and production stage) have a higher incidence of displaced abomasum?
Dairy cows in early lactation.
*Any ruminant can be affected.
What is the normal anatomy of the abomasum location?
- R. side of the abdomen.
- Between 7th and 11th rib.
- Ventral.
Where is the abomasum located if it is a left displacement?
It displaces under the rumen, pushing it upwards.
Where is the abomasum located if it is a right displacement?
Shifts upwards and potentially undergoes volvulus.
What are the risk factors for developing a displaced abomasum?
- Elevated BCS.
- Reduced dry matter intake (DMI) during dry-off/the transition period.
- Negative energy balance during early lactation.
- After parturition, the rumen shifts caudally (More space for abomasum to shift, decreased uterine size = Increased abdominal space, decreased rumen fill).
- Low Ca^2+ decreases abomasal motility.
- Metritis.
- Ketosis.
- Mastitis.
*6,7,8 all cause reduced DMI.
What are the historical findings associated with a displaced abomasum?
- Usually <30 DIM.
- Elevated beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs).
- Decreased DM intake.
- May be ketotic.
- Decreased milk production.
What are the physical exam findings for a displaced abomasum?
- Abnormal gas sounds in abnormal locations detected via pinging and auscultation.
- Decreased stool.
- Depression.
- Urine/blood ketones.
- Dehydration.
- Elevated heartrate.
*If an RDA/volvulus: Colic signs and shock in addition to the findings listed above.
What are the treatment strategies for a displaced abomasum?
- Correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances using IV calcium and dextrose.
- Provide glucose/energy precursors, such as propylene glycol.
- Rolling the animal: R. lateral to L. lateral.
- Pain management.
- Mild cases: Medical MGMT.
- Moderate-severe cases: SX MGMT.
*Culling as a last resort.
What are the SX options for correcting a displaced abomasum?
- L. flank abomasopexy.
- R. flank omentopexy.
How is a displaced abomasum prevented?
- Maintaining a proper BCS.
- Providing TMR as opposed to grain.
- Having an appropriate fiber content in the ration.
- Monitor milk production.
- Ensuring proper nutrition during the dry-off period.
- Monitor temperatures, presence of ketone bodies, uterine size post-partum.
