Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following structures is responsible for conducting air into and out of the lungs?

  • A) Pharynx
  • B) Alveoli
  • C) Bronchioles
  • D) Pleural sac

Respiratory System

A

Which of the following structures is responsible for conducting air into and out of the lungs?

  • A) Pharynx
  • B) Alveoli
  • C) Bronchioles
  • D) Pleural sac

  • The pharynx is the structure responsible for conducting air into and out of the lungs. It serves as a common passageway for both air and food.
  • The other options (B) Alveoli, (C) Bronchioles, and (D) Pleural sac are not primarily involved in the process of conducting air into and out of the lungs.
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2
Q

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

  • A) Humidify air
  • B) Filter air
  • C) Exchange gases between air and blood
  • D) Warm air

Respiratory System

A

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

  • A) Humidify air
  • B) Filter air
  • C) Exchange gases between air and blood
  • D) Warm air

  • The alveoli are responsible for the exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and the blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli.
  • This process allows for the diffusion of oxygen into the blood and the removal of carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli.
  • Options (A) Humidify air, (B) Filter air, and (D) Warm air are functions performed by other structures in the respiratory system.
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3
Q

Which of the following muscles is primarily involved in inspiration during quiet breathing?

  • A) Rectus abdominis
  • B) Internal intercostals
  • C) Diaphragm
  • D) Sternocleidomastoid

Respiratory System

A

Which of the following muscles is primarily involved in inspiration during quiet breathing?

  • A) Rectus abdominis
  • B) Internal intercostals
  • C) Diaphragm
  • D) Sternocleidomastoid

  • During quiet breathing, the diaphragm is the primary muscle involved in inspiration.
  • When the diaphragm contracts, it flattens, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and causing air to rush into the lungs.
  • The other muscles listed (A) Rectus abdominis, (B) Internal intercostals, and (D) Sternocleidomastoid are not primarily involved in inspiration during quiet breathing.
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4
Q

What is the main factor affecting airflow resistance in the respiratory system?

  • A) Volume of air moved per minute
  • B) Diameter of the airway
  • C) Frequency of breathing
  • D) Elastic components of lung tissue

Respiratory System

A

What is the main factor affecting airflow resistance in the respiratory system?

  • A) Volume of air moved per minute
  • B) Diameter of the airway
  • C) Frequency of breathing
  • D) Elastic components of lung tissue

  • The diameter of the airway is the main factor affecting airflow resistance in the respiratory system. A narrower airway diameter leads to increased resistance to airflow, while a wider diameter decreases resistance.
  • Options (A) Volume of air moved per minute, (C) Frequency of breathing, and (D) Elastic components of lung tissue are not directly related to airflow resistance in the respiratory system.
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5
Q

Which of the following structures in the respiratory system is responsible for trapping airborne particles?

  • A) Bronchioles
  • B) Alveoli
  • C) Nasal cavity
  • D) Pharynx

Respiratory System

A

Which of the following structures in the respiratory system is responsible for trapping airborne particles?

  • A) Bronchioles
  • B) Alveoli
  • C) Nasal cavity
  • D) Pharynx

  • The nasal cavity contains mucus and cilia that work together to trap airborne particles. The mucus traps particles, and the cilia move the mucus towards the oral cavity for expulsion.
  • Option (A) Bronchioles, (B) Alveoli, and (D) Pharynx are not primarily responsible for trapping airborne particles.
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6
Q

What is the primary function of the pleural fluid in the respiratory system?

  • A) Lubricate the airway
  • B) Aid in gas exchange
  • C) Maintain the elasticity of the lung tissue
  • D) Provide a barrier against pathogens

Respiratory System

A

What is the primary function of the pleural fluid in the respiratory system?

  • A) Lubricate the airway
  • B) Aid in gas exchange
  • C) Maintain the elasticity of the lung tissue
  • D) Provide a barrier against pathogens

  • The pleural fluid acts as a lubricant between the two layers of the pleural membrane, allowing smooth movement of the lungs during breathing.
  • Option (B) Aid in gas exchange, (C) Maintain the elasticity of the lung tissue, and (D) Provide a barrier against pathogens are not primary functions of pleural fluid.
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7
Q

During expiration, which of the following muscles contracts to pull the ribs downward?

  • A) External intercostals
  • B) Rectus abdominis
  • C) Internal intercostals
  • D) Sternocleidomastoid

Respiratory System

A

During expiration, which of the following muscles contracts to pull the ribs downward?

  • A) External intercostals
  • B) Rectus abdominis
  • C) Internal intercostals
  • D) Sternocleidomastoid

  • During expiration, the internal intercostal muscles contract to pull the ribs downward, decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and causing air to rush out of the lungs.
  • Option (A) External intercostals, (B) Rectus abdominis, and (D) Sternocleidomastoid are not primarily involved in expiration.
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8
Q

What happens to the FEV1-to-FVC ratio in obstructive lung diseases such as emphysema or asthma?

  • A) Increases
  • B) Decreases
  • C) Remains unchanged
  • D) Becomes erratic

Respiratory System

A

What happens to the FEV1-to-FVC ratio in obstructive lung diseases such as emphysema or asthma?

  • A) Increases
  • B) Decreases
  • C) Remains unchanged
  • D) Becomes erratic

  • In obstructive lung diseases such as emphysema or asthma, the FEV1-to-FVC ratio decreases. This indicates a reduction in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) relative to the forced vital capacity (FVC).
  • Options (A) Increases, (C) Remains unchanged, and (D) Becomes erratic are not consistent with the typical changes seen in obstructive lung diseases.
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9
Q

What are the factors promoting diffusion of gases in the lungs?

  • A) Thickness of alveoli
  • B) Decreased surface area of alveoli
  • C) Pressure similarities of oxygen & carbon dioxide between air in alveoli & blood
  • D) Large surface area of alveoli and thinness of respiratory membrane

Respiratory System

A

What are the factors promoting diffusion of gases in the lungs?

  • A) Thickness of alveoli
  • B) Decreased surface area of alveoli
  • C) Pressure similarities of oxygen & carbon dioxide between air in alveoli & blood
  • D) Large surface area of alveoli and thinness of respiratory membrane

  • The large surface area of alveoli and the thinness of the respiratory membrane facilitate efficient gas exchange by promoting diffusion.
  • Options (A) Thickness of alveoli and (B) Decreased surface area of alveoli would impede diffusion.
  • Option (C) Pressure similarities are not factors promoting diffusion.
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10
Q

Which gas diffusion condition must be met for oxygen to move from the alveoli into the blood?

  • A) PO2 in alveoli must be less than in blood
  • B) PO2 in alveoli must be greater than in blood
  • C) PCO2 in alveoli must be less than in blood
  • D) PCO2 in alveoli must be greater than in blood

Respiratory System

A

Which gas diffusion condition must be met for oxygen to move from the alveoli into the blood?

  • A) PO2 in alveoli must be less than in blood
  • B) PO2 in alveoli must be greater than in blood
  • C) PCO2 in alveoli must be less than in blood
  • D) PCO2 in alveoli must be greater than in blood

  • Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood when the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the alveoli is greater than in the blood.
  • Option (A) PO2 in alveoli must be less than in blood is incorrect. Options (C) and (D) are irrelevant to oxygen diffusion.
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11
Q

What is the primary method of oxygen transport in the blood?

  • A) Dissolved in plasma
  • B) Bound to bicarbonate
  • C) Bound to hemoglobin
  • D) Bound to plasma proteins

Respiratory System

A

What is the primary method of oxygen transport in the blood?

  • A) Dissolved in plasma
  • B) Bound to bicarbonate
  • C) Bound to hemoglobin
  • D) Bound to plasma proteins

  • Oxygen is primarily transported in the blood by binding to hemoglobin in red blood cells.
  • Options (A), (B), and (D) are not the primary methods of oxygen transport.
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12
Q

During exercise, what effect does increased blood flow have on gas diffusion in the lungs?

  • A) Decreases gas diffusion
  • B) Increases gas diffusion
  • C) No effect on gas diffusion
  • D) Reverses gas diffusion

Respiratory System

A

During exercise, what effect does increased blood flow have on gas diffusion in the lungs?

  • A) Decreases gas diffusion
  • B) Increases gas diffusion
  • C) No effect on gas diffusion
  • D) Reverses gas diffusion

  • Increased blood flow during exercise results in increased gas diffusion in the lungs. While it may decrease the time available for equilibration, the increased capillary blood volume slows down blood flow, facilitating gas exchange.
  • Options (A) Decreases gas diffusion, (C) No effect on gas diffusion, and (D) Reverses gas diffusion are incorrect.
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13
Q

Which gas diffusion condition must be met for carbon dioxide to move from the blood into the alveoli?

  • A) PO2 in blood must be greater than in alveoli
  • B) PO2 in blood must be less than in alveoli
  • C) PCO2 in blood must be greater than in alveoli
  • D) PCO2 in blood must be less than in alveoli

Respiratory System

A

Which gas diffusion condition must be met for carbon dioxide to move from the blood into the alveoli?

  • A) PO2 in blood must be greater than in alveoli
  • B) PO2 in blood must be less than in alveoli
  • C) PCO2 in blood must be greater than in alveoli
  • D) PCO2 in blood must be less than in alveoli

  • Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli when the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) in the blood is greater than in the alveoli.
  • Options (A) and (B) relate to oxygen diffusion, while option (D) is incorrect.
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14
Q

What is the main function of oxyhemoglobin in the blood?

  • A) Transporting carbon dioxide
  • B) Dissolving oxygen in plasma
  • C) Binding and transporting oxygen
  • D) Transporting bicarbonate

Respiratory System

A

What is the main function of oxyhemoglobin in the blood?

  • A) Transporting carbon dioxide
  • B) Dissolving oxygen in plasma
  • C) Binding and transporting oxygen
  • D) Transporting bicarbonate

  • Oxyhemoglobin is formed when oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells, facilitating the transport of oxygen to tissues.
  • Options (A), (B), and (D) are incorrect functions of oxyhemoglobin.
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15
Q

Which of the following methods accounts for the highest percentage of carbon dioxide transport in the blood?

  • A) Dissolved in plasma
  • B) Bound to hemoglobin
  • C) Bound to bicarbonate
  • D) Transported as carbaminohemoglobin

Respiratory System

A

Which of the following methods accounts for the highest percentage of carbon dioxide transport in the blood?

  • A) Dissolved in plasma
  • B) Bound to hemoglobin
  • C) Bound to bicarbonate
  • D) Transported as carbaminohemoglobin

  • Seventy percent of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as bicarbonate ions.
  • Options (A), (B), and (D) account for smaller percentages of carbon dioxide transport.
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16
Q

How does the thickness of the respiratory membrane affect gas diffusion in the lungs?

  • A) Thicker membrane increases diffusion
  • B) Thinner membrane decreases diffusion
  • C) Thicker membrane decreases diffusion
  • D) Thinner membrane increases diffusion

Respiratory System

A

How does the thickness of the respiratory membrane affect gas diffusion in the lungs?

  • A) Thicker membrane increases diffusion
  • B) Thinner membrane decreases diffusion
  • C) Thicker membrane decreases diffusion
  • D) Thinner membrane increases diffusion

  • A thinner respiratory membrane facilitates faster gas diffusion in the lungs by reducing the distance gases must traverse.
  • Options (A) and (C) are incorrect, as a thicker membrane would impede diffusion. Option (B) is also incorrect, as a thinner membrane would increase, not decrease, diffusion.
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17
Q

Which of the following factors contributes to an increase in the velocity of blood passing through pulmonary capillaries?

  • A) Decreased blood flow during exercise
  • B) Increased time available for equilibration
  • C) Decreased capillary blood volume
  • D) Increased blood flow during exercise

Respiratory System

A

Which of the following factors contributes to an increase in the velocity of blood passing through pulmonary capillaries?

  • A) Decreased blood flow during exercise
  • B) Increased time available for equilibration
  • C) Decreased capillary blood volume
  • D) Increased blood flow during exercise

  • Increased blood flow during exercise results in a higher velocity of blood passing through pulmonary capillaries.
  • Options (A) Decreased blood flow during exercise, (B) Increased time available for equilibration, and (C) Decreased capillary blood volume would not lead to an increase in blood velocity during exercise.
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18
Q

What is the function of the pleural sac in the respiratory system?

  • A) Enhancing gas exchange in the alveoli
  • B) Lubricating the surface of the lungs
  • C) Providing a barrier against pathogens
  • D) Facilitating muscle contraction during breathing

Respiratory System

A

What is the function of the pleural sac in the respiratory system?

  • A) Enhancing gas exchange in the alveoli
  • B) Lubricating the surface of the lungs
  • C) Providing a barrier against pathogens
  • D) Facilitating muscle contraction during breathing

  • The primary function of the pleural sac is to provide lubrication between the layers, allowing smooth movement of the lungs during breathing.
  • Options (A), (C), and (D) do not accurately describe the function of the pleural sac.
19
Q

In which condition would you expect the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) to be higher: in the alveoli or in the blood entering the lungs?

  • A) PO2 in alveoli
  • B) PO2 in blood entering the lungs
  • C) PO2 is equal in both alveoli and blood entering the lungs
  • D) PO2 cannot be determined

Respiratory System

A

In which condition would you expect the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) to be higher: in the alveoli or in the blood entering the lungs?

  • A) PO2 in alveoli
  • B) PO2 in blood entering the lungs
  • C) PO2 is equal in both alveoli and blood entering the lungs
  • D) PO2 cannot be determined

  • The partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) is higher in the alveoli than in the blood entering the lungs, facilitating the diffusion of oxygen into the bloodstream.
  • Options (B) and (C) are incorrect because the alveoli have a higher PO2 than the blood entering the lungs. Option (D) is incorrect because PO2 values are provided in the information.
20
Q

What effect does increasing the frequency of breathing have on tidal volume?

  • A) Decreases tidal volume
  • B) Increases tidal volume
  • C) No effect on tidal volume
  • D) Reverses tidal volume

Respiratory System

A

What effect does increasing the frequency of breathing have on tidal volume?

  • A) Decreases tidal volume
  • B) Increases tidal volume
  • C) No effect on tidal volume
  • D) Reverses tidal volume

  • Increasing the frequency of breathing generally leads to a decrease in tidal volume. This phenomenon is known as the frequency-depth principle.
  • Option (B) is incorrect because increasing frequency typically decreases tidal volume. Options (C) and (D) are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the relationship between frequency and tidal volume.
21
Q

Which molecule serves as an oxygen reserve at the onset of exercise?

  • A) Myoglobin
  • B) Hemoglobin
  • C) Carbon dioxide
  • D) Bicarbonate ions

Respiratory System

A

Which molecule serves as an oxygen reserve at the onset of exercise?

  • A) Myoglobin
  • B) Hemoglobin
  • C) Carbon dioxide
  • D) Bicarbonate ions

  • Myoglobin, found in skeletal and cardiac muscle, functions as an oxygen reserve at the start of exercise by reversibly binding with oxygen and assisting in the passive diffusion of oxygen from the cell membrane to the mitochondria.
  • Options (B), (C), and (D) do not serve as oxygen reserves.
22
Q

Which part of the brain serves as a pacemaker, generating a rhythmic breathing pattern?

  • A) Cerebellum
  • B) Cerebrum
  • C) Medulla oblongata
  • D) Pons

Respiratory System

A

Which part of the brain serves as a pacemaker, generating a rhythmic breathing pattern?

  • A) Cerebellum
  • B) Cerebrum
  • C) Medulla oblongata
  • D) Pons

  • The medulla oblongata, along with the pons, controls ventilation and serves as a pacemaker, generating a rhythmic breathing pattern.
  • Options (A) Cerebellum, (B) Cerebrum, and (D) Pons are incorrect regions of the brain involved in respiration.
23
Q

Where are the central chemoreceptors located?

  • A) Carotid arteries
  • B) Aortic arch
  • C) Medulla oblongata
  • D) Peripheral nervous system

Respiratory System

A

Where are the central chemoreceptors located?

  • A) Carotid arteries
  • B) Aortic arch
  • C) Medulla oblongata
  • D) Peripheral nervous system

  • The central chemoreceptors, which respond to changes within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), are located in the medulla oblongata.
  • Options (A) Carotid arteries, (B) Aortic arch, and (D) Peripheral nervous system are incorrect locations for central chemoreceptors.
24
Q

Which receptors respond to changes in blood carbon dioxide (PCO2) and hydrogen ion (H+) concentration?

  • A) Central chemoreceptors
  • B) Peripheral chemoreceptors
  • C) Stretch receptors
  • D) Proprioceptors

Respiratory System

A

Which receptors respond to changes in blood carbon dioxide (PCO2) and hydrogen ion (H+) concentration?

  • A) Central chemoreceptors
  • B) Peripheral chemoreceptors
  • C) Stretch receptors
  • D) Proprioceptors

  • Peripheral chemoreceptors, located in the carotid arteries and aortic arch, respond to changes in blood PCO2 and H+ concentration.
  • Options (A) Central chemoreceptors, (C) Stretch receptors, and (D) Proprioceptors respond to different stimuli.
25
Q

What neural input influences ventilation by responding to stretch in the lungs and respiratory muscles?

  • A) Central chemoreceptors
  • B) Peripheral chemoreceptors
  • C) Proprioceptors
  • D) Stretch receptors

Respiratory System

A

What neural input influences ventilation by responding to stretch in the lungs and respiratory muscles?

  • A) Central chemoreceptors
  • B) Peripheral chemoreceptors
  • C) Proprioceptors
  • D) Stretch receptors

  • Stretch receptors in the lungs and respiratory muscles influence ventilation by responding to stretch.
  • Options (A) Central chemoreceptors, (B) Peripheral chemoreceptors, and (C) Proprioceptors respond to different stimuli.
26
Q

Which of the following zones of exercise intensity is characterized by METS, heart rate, and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)?

  • A) Light-intensity
  • B) Moderate-intensity
  • C) High-intensity
  • D) Low-intensity

Respiratory System

A

Which of the following zones of exercise intensity is characterized by METS, heart rate, and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)?

  • A) Light-intensity
  • B) Moderate-intensity
  • C) High-intensity
  • D) Low-intensity

  • Moderate-intensity exercise is characterized by METS, heart rate, and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE).
  • Options (A) Light-intensity, (C) High-intensity, and (D) Low-intensity are not specifically characterized by these parameters.
27
Q

What is the main function of peripheral chemoreceptors in the control of ventilation?

  • A) Responding to changes in CSF pH
  • B) Generating a rhythmic breathing pattern
  • C) Modifying ventilation based on higher brain center input
  • D) Responding to changes in blood PCO2 and H+ concentration

Respiratory System

A

What is the main function of peripheral chemoreceptors in the control of ventilation?

  • A) Responding to changes in CSF pH
  • B) Generating a rhythmic breathing pattern
  • C) Modifying ventilation based on higher brain center input
  • D) Responding to changes in blood PCO2 and H+ concentration

  • Peripheral chemoreceptors, located in the carotid arteries and aortic arch, primarily respond to changes in blood PCO2 and H+ concentration to modify ventilation.
  • Options (A), (B), and (C) describe functions of other components of the respiratory control system.
28
Q

During which stage of exercise would you expect the highest heart rate and RPE?

  • A) Light-intensity
  • B) Moderate-intensity
  • C) High-intensity
  • D) Low-intensity

Respiratory System

A

During which stage of exercise would you expect the highest heart rate and RPE?

  • A) Light-intensity
  • B) Moderate-intensity
  • C) High-intensity
  • D) Low-intensity

  • High-intensity exercise typically results in the highest heart rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE).
  • Options (A), (B), and (D) are not associated with the highest heart rate and RPE.
29
Q

Which of the following molecules assists in the passive diffusion of oxygen from the cell membrane to the mitochondria?

  • A) Hemoglobin
  • B) Myoglobin
  • C) Carbon dioxide
  • D) Bicarbonate ions

Respiratory System

A

Which of the following molecules assists in the passive diffusion of oxygen from the cell membrane to the mitochondria?

  • A) Hemoglobin
  • B) Myoglobin
  • C) Carbon dioxide
  • D) Bicarbonate ions

  • Myoglobin, found in skeletal and cardiac muscle, assists in the passive diffusion of oxygen from the cell membrane to the mitochondria.
  • Options (A) Hemoglobin, (C) Carbon dioxide, and (D) Bicarbonate ions do not play a role in this process.
30
Q

What neural input influences ventilation by responding to changes in blood PCO2 and H+ concentration?

  • A) Central chemoreceptors
  • B) Peripheral chemoreceptors
  • C) Stretch receptors
  • D) Proprioceptors

Respiratory System

A

What neural input influences ventilation by responding to changes in blood PCO2 and H+ concentration?

  • A) Central chemoreceptors
  • B) Peripheral chemoreceptors
  • C) Stretch receptors
  • D) Proprioceptors

  • Peripheral chemoreceptors, located in the carotid arteries and aortic arch, respond to changes in blood PCO2 and H+ concentration to influence ventilation.
  • Options (A) Central chemoreceptors, (C) Stretch receptors, and (D) Proprioceptors respond to different stimuli.
31
Q

What lung volume represents the maximal amount of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration?

  • A) Tidal Volume (TV)
  • B) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
  • C) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
  • D) Vital Capacity (VC)

Respiratory System

A

What lung volume represents the maximal amount of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration?

  • A) Tidal Volume (TV)
  • B) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
  • C) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
  • D) Vital Capacity (VC)

  • Vital Capacity (VC) represents the maximal amount of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration, calculated as the sum of tidal volume (TV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), and expiratory reserve volume (ERV).
  • Options (A), (B), and (C) are individual lung volumes, not representing the maximal exhaled air after maximal inspiration.
32
Q

Which lung volume represents the amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal expiration?

  • A) Tidal Volume (TV)
  • B) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
  • C) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
  • D) Residual Volume (RV)

Respiratory System

A

Which lung volume represents the amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal expiration?

  • A) Tidal Volume (TV)
  • B) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
  • C) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
  • D) Residual Volume (RV)

  • Residual Volume (RV) represents the amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal expiration.
  • Options (A), (B), and (C) represent volumes of air in addition to the residual volume.
33
Q

What lung volume represents the maximal amount of air forcibly inspired in addition to the tidal volume?

  • A) Tidal Volume (TV)
  • B) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
  • C) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
  • D) Vital Capacity (VC)

Respiratory System

A

What lung volume represents the maximal amount of air forcibly inspired in addition to the tidal volume?

  • A) Tidal Volume (TV)
  • B) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
  • C) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
  • D) Vital Capacity (VC)

  • Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) represents the maximal amount of air forcibly inspired in addition to the tidal volume.
  • Options (A), (C), and (D) represent other lung volumes or capacities.
34
Q

During exercise, which lung volume experiences a slight increase?

  • A) Tidal Volume (TV)
  • B) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
  • C) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
  • D) Vital Capacity (VC)

Respiratory System

A

During exercise, which lung volume experiences a slight increase?

  • A) Tidal Volume (TV)
  • B) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
  • C) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
  • D) Vital Capacity (VC)

  • During exercise, vital capacity (VC) experiences a slight increase.
  • Options (A), (B), and (C) may increase or decrease during exercise but do not experience a slight increase.
35
Q

Which lung capacity represents the maximal amount of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration?

  • A) Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
  • B) Vital Capacity (VC)
  • C) Residual Volume (RV)
  • D) Tidal Volume (TV)

Respiratory System

A

Which lung capacity represents the maximal amount of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration?

  • A) Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
  • B) Vital Capacity (VC)
  • C) Residual Volume (RV)
  • D) Tidal Volume (TV)

  • Vital Capacity (VC) represents the maximal amount of air exhaled after a maximal inspiration.
  • Options (A), (C), and (D) represent other lung capacities or volumes.
36
Q

What lung volume represents the amount of air breathed in or out per breath?

  • A) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
  • B) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
  • C) Tidal Volume (TV)
  • D) Residual Volume (RV)

Respiratory System

A

What lung volume represents the amount of air breathed in or out per breath?

  • A) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
  • B) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
  • C) Tidal Volume (TV)
  • D) Residual Volume (RV)

  • Tidal Volume (TV) represents the amount of air breathed in or out per breath.
  • Options (A), (B), and (D) represent other lung volumes.
37
Q

What lung volume represents the maximal amount of air forcibly expired in addition to the tidal volume?

  • A) Tidal Volume (TV)
  • B) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
  • C) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
  • D) Vital Capacity (VC)

Respiratory System

A

What lung volume represents the maximal amount of air forcibly expired in addition to the tidal volume?

  • A) Tidal Volume (TV)
  • B) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
  • C) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
  • D) Vital Capacity (VC)

  • Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) represents the maximal amount of air forcibly expired in addition to the tidal volume.
  • Options (A), (B), and (D) represent other lung volumes or capacities.
38
Q

What lung volume remains unchanged during exercise?

  • A) Tidal Volume (TV)
  • B) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
  • C) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
  • D) Residual Volume (RV)

Respiratory System

A

What lung volume remains unchanged during exercise?

  • A) Tidal Volume (TV)
  • B) Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
  • C) Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
  • D) Residual Volume (RV)

  • Residual Volume (RV) remains unchanged during exercise.
  • Options (A), (B), and (C) may increase or decrease during exercise.
39
Q

Which lung capacity represents the sum of vital capacity and residual volume?

  • A) Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
  • B) Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
  • C) Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
  • D) Tidal Volume (TV)

Respiratory System

A

Which lung capacity represents the sum of vital capacity and residual volume?

  • A) Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
  • B) Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
  • C) Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
  • D) Tidal Volume (TV)

  • Total Lung Capacity (TLC) represents the sum of vital capacity (VC) and residual volume (RV).
  • Options (B), (C), and (D) represent other lung capacities or volumes.
40
Q

If the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is 3100 mL, what is the total lung capacity (TLC)

  • A) 3600 mL
  • B) 4200 mL
  • C) 4600 mL
  • D) 5100 mL

Respiratory System

A

If the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is 3100 mL, what is the total lung capacity (TLC)

  • A) 3600 mL
  • B) 4200 mL
  • C) 4600 mL
  • D) 5100 mL

  • Since TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV, and TV remains constant at 500 mL, then
  • 500 mL (TV) + 3100 mL (IRV) + 1200 mL (ERV) + 1200 mL (RV) = 6000 mL.
  • Therefore, the total lung capacity (TLC) would be 4200 mL.
41
Q

If the vital capacity (VC) is 4800 mL, what is the expiratory reserve volume (ERV) if the tidal volume (TV) remains constant at 500 mL?

  • A) 500 mL
  • B) 800 mL
  • C) 1000 mL
  • D) 1300 mL

Respiratory System

A

If the vital capacity (VC) is 4800 mL, what is the expiratory reserve volume (ERV) if the tidal volume (TV) remains constant at 500 mL?

  • A) 500 mL
  • B) 800 mL
  • C) 1000 mL
  • D) 1300 mL

  • Since VC = TV + IRV + ERV and the tidal volume remains constant at 500 mL, rearranging the formula to solve for ERV:
  • ERV = VC - TV - IRV = 4800 mL - 500 mL - 3100 mL = 1300 mL.
42
Q

If the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is 3100 mL, what is the inspiratory capacity (IC) if the tidal volume (TV) remains constant at 500 mL?

  • A) 2600 mL
  • B) 3100 mL
  • C) 3600 mL
  • D) 4100 mL

Respiratory System

A

If the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is 3100 mL, what is the inspiratory capacity (IC) if the tidal volume (TV) remains constant at 500 mL?

  • A) 2600 mL
  • B) 3100 mL
  • C) 3600 mL
  • D) 4100 mL

  • Since IC = TV + IRV and the tidal volume remains constant at 500 mL
  • Then IC = 500 mL + 3100 mL = 3600 mL.
43
Q

If the expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is 1200 mL, what is the functional residual capacity (FRC) if the tidal volume (TV) remains constant at 500 mL?

  • A) 1200 mL
  • B) 1700 mL
  • C) 2200 mL
  • D) 2700 mL

Respiratory System

A

If the expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is 1200 mL, what is the functional residual capacity (FRC) if the tidal volume (TV) remains constant at 500 mL?

  • A) 1200 mL
  • B) 1700 mL
  • C) 2200 mL
  • D) 2700 mL

  • Since FRC = ERV + RV and the tidal volume remains constant at 500 mL,
  • Then FRC = 1200 mL + 1200 mL = 2400 mL.
44
Q

If the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is 3100 mL and the expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is 1200 mL, what is the inspiratory capacity (IC) if the tidal volume (TV) remains constant at 500 mL?

  • A) 2600 mL
  • B) 3100 mL
  • C) 3600 mL
  • D) 4100 mL

Respiratory System

A

If the inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) is 3100 mL and the expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is 1200 mL, what is the inspiratory capacity (IC) if the tidal volume (TV) remains constant at 500 mL?

  • A) 2600 mL
  • B) 3100 mL
  • C) 3600 mL
  • D) 4100 mL

  • Since IC = TV + IRV and the tidal volume remains constant at 500 mL,
  • Then IC = 500 mL + 3100 mL = 3600 mL.