001 Introduction

Question 1

Chemical characteristics of Natural Products

Answer 1

• Naturally-occurring small organic compounds
  ✓ MW: 150 - 800 amu (“small molecule”)
  ✓ including heterocyclic compounds and
  peptides
• Compounds are generally characteristic of a particular species or family (non-ubiquitous)
• Methods of extraction and purification are
  generally similar to the techniques used for
  organic compounds.
  ✓ NMR, MS, IR, X-ray, UV Vis

Question 2

Natural Products (NPs): Biological characteristics

Answer 2

*Classified as “secondary metabolites” in contrast to primary metabolites.
* No nutritional or structural function.
* Functional roles:
✓ Color (e.g., pigments)
✓ Scent (e.g., essential oils)
✓ Sexual attraction (e.g., pheromones)
✓ Defense (e.g., plant toxins and antibiotics)

Question 3

building blocks of
1. alkaloids
2. phenylpropanoids
3. polyketides
4. terpenoids

Answer 3

1. Nitrogen
2. phenylalanine
3. acetate and malonate
4. isoprene

Question 4

10 Herbal medicines approved by the DOH

Answer 4

1. Lagundi
2. Ulasimang Bato
3. Bayabas
4. Bawang
5. Yerba Buena
6. Sambong
7. akapulko
8. Niyog-niyogan
9. tsaang gubat
10. ampalaya

Question 5

offers the opportunity to find patterns
of changes in the entire metabolism.

Answer 5

Metabolomics

Question 6

discovered penicillin

Answer 6

Alexander Fleming

Question 7

filipino discovered ziconotide in cone shells

Answer 7

Baldomero Olivera