002 Module 2 Part 1

Question 1

sum of the chemical changes in living cells.

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

biosynthesis, utilization and breakdown of essential
compounds and structural elements of the living organism.

Answer 2

Primary metabolism

Question 3

-biosynthesis, utilization and breakdown of
smaller organic compounds (secondary metabolites) found in the cell)
-arise from a set of intermediate building
blocks

Answer 3

Secondary metabolism

Question 4

What are these (8) secondary metabolites?

Answer 4

Acetyl coenzyme A
(acetyl-CoA)

mevalonic acid (MVA)

phenylalanine/tyrosine

tryptophan

methyl erythritol
phosphate (MEP)

shikimic acid

ornithine

lysine

Question 5

Many of the early biosynthetic studies were conducted using
bacteria, in particular

Answer 5

E. coli

Question 6

Relationship between Primary and Secondary Metabolism

Answer 6

Primary metabolism
These are biomolecules required for
basic metabolic process (e.g., plants:
photosynthesis, respiration).
These are produced in generous
quantities and can easily be
extracted.
Starting materials and products
almost the same in all organism.

Secondary Metabolism
These are derivatives of primary metabolites
which are not involved in normal growth,
development, and reproduction.
These are produced in small quantities and their
extraction is difficult.
Species which are taxonomically close display
greater similarities (and metabolites); those
which are distant have greater differences.

Question 7

overview of the origin of compounds starting from the set
of intermediate building blocks: acetyl-CoA, MVA and MEP, shikimic
acid, and the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine, tryptophan,
ornithine and lysine.

Answer 7

Biogenesis

Question 8

detailed study of the step-wise formation of secondary
metabolites.

Answer 8

biosynthesis

Question 9

Intermediate of
1. acetogenins
2. terpenoids
3. shikimates
4. aliphatic alkaloids
5. aromatic alkaloids

Answer 9

1. acetyl CoA
2. mevalonic acid,
   methyl erythritol phosphate
3. shikimic acid, prephenic acid
4. lysine, ornithine
5. phenylalanine, tyrosine,
   tryptophan