ATTR 213 Annette final

Question 1

main mechanisms for C/S injury

Answer 1

compression / axial loading

Question 2

what does flexion mechanism hurt for C/S

Answer 2

anterior vertebral body

Question 3

what does extension mechanism hurt for C/S

Answer 3

posterior vertebral body, disk, facets

Question 4

what does lateral bending mechanism hurt for C/S

Answer 4

nerve roots, vertebral bodies, disks, facet joints

Question 5

what does rotation mechanism hurt for C/S

Answer 5

disc injury, ligament/ facet joint sprain, facet or vertebral dislocation

Question 6

NATA policy statement for things to look out for when clearing

Answer 6

unconsciousness, neurological findings or complaints, significant C/S pain with or without palpation, deformities

Question 7

cervical fracture

Answer 7

etiology: axial loading

Pathology: hyperextension or whiplash

signs and symptoms: neck point tenderness, spasm, restricted ROM, pain in neck and chest, numbness and weakness in trunk and/or limbs

Question 8

cervical dislocation

Answer 8

etiology: axial loading

Pathology: violent flexion and rotation

signs and symptoms: pain, numbness, weakness, paralysis

Question 9

cervical strains

Answer 9

etiology: sudden turn of head, forced flexion, extension or rotation

Pathology: upper traps, scm, scalenes, etc.

signs and symptoms: localized pain, point tenderness, restricted rom, muscle guarding, apprehension

Question 10

cervical sprains

Answer 10

etiology: more violent but same MOI as strains

Pathology: compromising ligaments and muscles

signs and symptoms: same as strains, s/s last longer, tender transverse processes, etc.

Question 11

torticolis

Answer 11

etiology: synovial membrane of joint gets impinged by facet, tight scm muscles

Pathology: pain on one side of neck when waking up, common in babies

signs and symptoms: point tenderness and muscle spasms, restricted ROM

Question 12

cervical spine stenosis

Answer 12

etiology: narrowing of spinal canal, axial loading

Pathology: congenital, change in vertebrae, hyperextension/flexion

signs and symptoms: initial absent neck pain, burning or tingling, motor weakness in limbs

Question 13

brachial plexus neuropraxia “burner”

Answer 13

etiology: stretching of brachial plexus

Pathology: result of stretching or compression of brachial plexus

signs and symptoms: pain and numbness into arm/ fingers, symptoms last for several minutes, arm dangling/ limping to the side,

Question 14

cervical disc herniation

Answer 14

etiology: axial loading

Pathology: extruded posterolateral disk frag., sustained repetitive cervical loading during contact sports

signs and symptoms: neck pain, restricted ROM, radicular pain such as weakness or sensory changes

Question 15

cervical compression test

Answer 15

postive: pain in c/s with vertical compression

implications: compression of facet joints, narrowing of the intervertebral foreman resulting in pain

Question 16

spurling test

Answer 16

postive: pain in c/s with vertical compression with lateral flexion

implications: nerve root impingement

Question 17

shoulder abduction test

Answer 17

postive: decrease in pain when pt. puts hand on top of head (shoulder abduction)

implications: herniated disc or nerve root compression

Question 18

valsalva test

Answer 18

positive: increased spinal or radicular pain while pt. “bears down”

implications: increase in pressure = increase in pain

Question 19

cervical distraction

Answer 19

postive: relief of pain when c/s is distracted force

implications: compression of facet joints and/or narrowing of canal

Question 20

brachial plexus traction

Answer 20

postive: reproduction of pain when brachial plexus is stretched

implications: brachial plexus neuropraxia, stretching or compression of brachial plexus

Question 21

erb’s point or tines sign of c/c test

Answer 21

postive: increased pain or radicular symptoms when prac. taps on transverse process of c6

implications: brachial plexus lesion

Question 22

vertebral artery test

Answer 22

postive: dizziness, confusion, nystagmus, unilateral pupil changes, etc. when prac. lays pt. head back off the table

implications: occlusion of cervical vertebral arteries

Question 23

name for nearsightedness

Answer 23

myopia

Question 24

name for farsidedness

Answer 24

hypermetropia or hyperopia

Question 25

what red flags warrant a refferal to an ophthalmologist

Answer 25

burred vision, pressure when blowing nose, loss of all or partial of visual field, throbbing or penetrating pain around eye, etc.

Question 26

limits a patients inability to answer yes or no with nodding indicates injury to what cervical bone

Answer 26

c1- atlas

Question 27

what spinal levels get bigger to handle load

Answer 27

c3-c7

Question 28

which ribs are susceptible to injury and why

Answer 28

ribs 11 & 12 (floating ribs) bc they dont articulate with facet joints

Question 29

Degenerative cervical disc disease is commonly secondary to what cervical structure

Answer 29

posterior thinning of annulus pulposis (neck and lumbar most common)

Question 30

what types of mechanisms of injury can MVA’s cause

Answer 30

whiplash or extension, lateral bending, compression/ stretching, rotation

Question 31

spearheading in football can cause what type of injury

Answer 31

axial loading

Question 32

according to NATA statement position statement what must be cleared for c/s

Answer 32

deformity, level of consciousness, pain with or without palpation, neurological symptoms

Question 33

what postural alignment are we obeserving for

Answer 33

forward head, kyphosis, lordosis, flat back, scoliosis, swayback

Question 34

what is etiology of cervical strain

Answer 34

whiplash (sudden turn of the head, forced flexion, extension, rotation

Question 35

a pt. presents in lateral neck flexion with rotation

Answer 35

torticollis or wryneck

Question 36

name for the eyeball

Answer 36

eye globe

Question 37

thin mucous membrane that covers the anterior eye and lines the eyelids

Answer 37

conjunctiva

Question 38

chart that tests visual acuity

Answer 38

snellen eye chart

Question 39

HCP that would treat eye conditions

Answer 39

ophthalmologist

Question 40

medical term for seeing double

Answer 40

diplopia

Question 41

medical term for unequal pupils

Answer 41

anisocoria

Question 42

when blood pulls in the anterior inferior eye

Answer 42

hyphema

Question 43

name for black eye

Answer 43

orbital hematoma

Question 44

caused from shearing forces on the ear

Answer 44

auricular hematoma or cauliflower ear

Question 45

medical term for swimmers ear

Answer 45

otitis externa

Question 46

what meets at the nasal cartilage

Answer 46

nasal septum or nasal bone

Question 47

what provides the blood supply to the nose

Answer 47

kiesslbach’s plexus

Question 48

which nasal condition is considered a medical emergency

Answer 48

deviated septum

Question 49

what structure is located under the tongue

Answer 49

lingual frenulum

Question 50

2nd most common facial fracture

Answer 50

mandibular fracture

Question 51

medical term for mid-face fracture

Answer 51

LeFort fracture

Question 52

tooth has partial withdrawn from bone

Answer 52

extruded