2.6 economic, environmental, sociocultural impacts of t&t

Question 1

economic = ?
environmental = ?
sociocultural = ?

Answer 1

1. affecting money and jobs
2. affecting environment
3. affecting people and way of life.

Question 2

positive economic impacts

Answer 2

Impact on national & local economy
e.g GDP, Tax, creation of wealth, improved standard of living
* benefit from positive impact of multiplier effect

Multiplier effect
* how wealth is created from tourist spending.
* Money tourist spend helps T&T organizations make profit.
* Employees paid; money earnt spent at other businesses
* Other businesses make money, employ staff, who spend money.
* Whole economy benefits from multiplier effect.

Employment
* tourists spend money on attractions, accommodation, etc
* tourism organizations employ people. large no of jobs created.

Infrastructure development
profitable T&T organizations pay taxes to gov; used to develop infrastrucutre.

Question 3

Negative economic impacts

Answer 3

Inflation
* cost and prices of living increase
* tourists spend more; demand for goods sold by destination increases.

Leakage
* import: tourists supplied w goods that have to be imported. imports cost money that’s lost, or leaked from country’s economy.
* export: destination organizations e.g hotels are foreign-owned; profits are exported from destination country.

Seasonal employment
* no jobs in low season

opportunity costs
* money lost if expanded airport but not new roads

over-dependence
* depending too much on income from T&T
* jobs money lost if fewer tourists visit

Question 4

positive environmental impacts

Answer 4

Investment into environment
* money invested by T&T organizations, DMOs to protect n improve natural and built environment. money from tax income of gov DMOs

Conservation & regeneration
* investment in environment:
* wildlife, natural landscape, biodiversity
* historic buildings

Education & increased awareness
* responsible tourism education for tourists and staff

Visitor management & carrying cap
* DMO ensure organizations no. of visitors to destinations is within carrying cap.
* Limitting carrying cap where natural built envi fragile helps regeneration investment to succeed.

Question 5

negative environmental impacts

Answer 5

Air, noise, water pollution
* pollutes atmosphere, rives, seas, lakes. noise pollution.

damage to flora & fauna
* litter spoils appeal of destination; harm to flora and fauna

disturbance to wildlife
* natural habitats can be damaged/lost from destinations where visitor numbers too high.

destruction/loss of natural habitats
* natural habitats can be damaged/lost from destinations where visitor numbers too high.

resource depletion
* overtourism can cause depletion or shortage of resources
* tourism faciltiies use basic resources.

litter
* appeal spoiled; harmful for fauna flora

traffic congestion
* appeal spoilt; not evironmentally friendly.

Question 6

positive sociocultural impacts
(people and their way of life)

Answer 6

Preservation of traditional arts & crafts
* tourism helps presesrve

Provision of community facilities
* money from tourism can be invested to provide community facilities for local people.

Education
* tourists & local people educated about responsible tourism

cultural understanding
increased cultural understanding; tourists and local people meet eacho hter.

cultural pride
local peope

Question 7

negative sociocultural impact

Answer 7

changes in traditional way of life of local/indigenous people
* change in fam structure; young ppl move away to work
* lossof traditional employment; fishing, forestry, farming

loss of national identity
* traditions and cultures lost to more globalized identities.

demonstration effect
* ppl living in destination copy behavior of tourists.

commodification
* local culture treated as a product/commodity to be sold to tourists.

crime
* increased criminal activity; tourists targeted

culture clash
* conflict between ppl bc of difference in values, beliefs, ways of life.