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Biomed > ANS and Limbic system > Flashcards

ANS and Limbic system Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of neurons does the ANS use?

A

Motor (efferent) neurons

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2
Q

What are the branches of the ANS?

A
  1. sympathetic division
  2. parasympathetic division
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3
Q

What kind of control does the ANS provide?

A

involuntary

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4
Q

What does the ANS innervate?

A
  1. cardiac muscle
  2. smooth muscle
  3. various endocrine and exocrine glands
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5
Q

What homeostatic processes does the ANS regulate?

A
  1. bp, heart rate
  2. airway diameter
  3. urinary bladder contraction
  4. focusing and dilation of eye
  5. thermoregulation
  6. sectretion of saliva, tears, sweat
  7. sexual function
  8. adrenal glands
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6
Q

Where in the body does the sympathetic branch extend to?

A

virtually all parts of the body

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7
Q

Where in the body does the parasympathetic branch extend to?

A

more localised to certain organs and glands

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8
Q

What are ganglions?

A

The points where there are a group of synapses between neurons carrying ANS motor info to spinal cord.
There is always a pre ganglionic and post ganglionic neuron in ANS

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9
Q

What are the differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches?

A
  1. location
  2. length of pre- and post-ganglionic neurons
  3. type of neurotransmitter
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10
Q

How does location differ between sympathetic and parasympathetic branches?

A
  1. sympathetic nerves emerge alongside T1-12 and L1-3 spinal nerves and reach all parts of the body
  2. parasympathetic nerves emerge with cranial nerves 3, 7, 9, 10, and the sacral spinal nerves
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11
Q

How does the length of pre- and post-ganglionic neurons differ in sympathetic and parasympathetic branches?

A
  1. sympathetic - short pre, long post
  2. parasympathetic - long pre, short post
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12
Q

How does the type of neurotransmitter differ in sympathetic and parasympathetic branches?

A
  1. sympathetic - pre-ganglionic synapse uses acetlycholine, post (at target) uses noradrenaline
  2. parasympathetic - pre and post use acetylcholine
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13
Q

What effect does the sympathetic nervous system have on the cardiovascular system?

A
  1. increase heart rate
  2. dilate blood vessels in muscle
  3. constricts blood vessels in skin and GI tract
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14
Q

What effect does the parasympathetic system have on the cardiovascular system?

A

Decreases heart rate

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15
Q

What effect does the sympathetic branch have on the respiratory system?

A
  1. dilates bronchial tree and pulmonary blood vessels to increase gaseous exchange
  2. results in panting breath
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16
Q

What effect does the parasympathetic branch have on the respiratory system?

A

Constricts bronchial tree and pulmonary blood vessels to normal diameters

17
Q

What effect does the sympathetic branch have on the GI tract?

A
  1. inhibit secretion
  2. inhibit motility
  3. constricts blood vessels in gut
  4. less saliva
18
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic branch on the GI tract?

A
  1. stimulates secretion of saliva
  2. stimulates motility of gut
19
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic branch on the skin?

A
  1. constricts blood vessels
  2. stimulates sweat secretion
  3. causes hair erection
20
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic branch on the skin?

A

the skin has no parasympathetic innervation

21
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic branch on the eye?

A
  1. pupils dilate
  2. inhibits lacrimal gland secretion
22
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic system on the eye?

A
  1. pupil constricts
  2. increase thickness of lens
  3. stimulates lacrimal secretion
23
Q

What are the most visible signs of the fight or flight response?

A

dilated pupils, pale skin, sweat

24
Q

What is the limbic system involved in?

A

cognitive functions such as memory, attention, emotional responses

25
Q

How is the limbic system linked to the ANS?

A

limbic system makes sense of the situation then activates or inhibits the appropriate ANS response

26
Q

What are the important regions of the limbic system?

A
  1. hypothalamus
  2. amygdala
  3. hippocampus
27
Q

What does the hypothalamus control (limbic system)?

A
  1. temp regulation
  2. sweating
  3. endocrine hormone regulation through regulation of pituitary gland
28
Q

What does the amygdala control (limbic system)?

A

emotional excitability

29
Q

What does the hippocampus control (limbic system)?

A

short term memories

Biomed (30 decks)

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