Cleft lip and palate Flashcards

1
Q

What causes cleft lip?

A

When one or both medial nasal processes don’t fuse with the maxillary process

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2
Q

What causes cleft palate?

A
  1. growth defect in palatal shelves
  2. delay in shelf elevation
  3. failure to fuse
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3
Q

Which areas can cleft affect?

A
  1. lip
  2. anterior palate
  3. posterior palate
  4. soft palate
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4
Q

What causes submucous cleft palate?

A

lack of normal fusion of muscles in soft palate

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5
Q

What are the features of submucous cleft palate?

A

palate may look unaffected, but the muscles needing to lift the palate for speech are abnormal

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6
Q

What are the classic signs of submucous cleft?

A
  1. split uvula
  2. bony gap at back of hard palate
  3. midline of soft palate looks thin
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7
Q

What is the incidence of cleft lip and/or palate?

A

1 in 700 in UK per year

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8
Q

What is the incidence of cleft palate alone?

A

1 in 2500, greater in females

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9
Q

What is the incidence of cleft lip and palate?

A

1 in 800, 2:1 male:female

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10
Q

What causes cleft?

A

largely unknown, but thought to be combination of genetics and environment

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11
Q

What contributory factors have been implicated in cleft?

A
  1. heavy smoking in early stages of pregnancy
  2. heavy alcohol consumption early stages of pregnancy
  3. folic acid deficiency early stages of pregnancy
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12
Q

How many children with cleft have an associated genetic syndrome?

A

approx 10%

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13
Q

What genetic conditions are linked to cleft?

A
  1. Van Der Woude syndrome
  2. Pierre Robin sequence
  3. Stickler’s syndrome
  4. 22q11 deletion syndrome
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14
Q

What happens with velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD)?

A

soft palate may not completely close off throat as it should in speech production

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