Addiction Flashcards
What is addiction? (Criteria and definition)
- Addiction is a clinically-impairing (meaning, the individual cannot function without the substance) pattern of inflexible reward pursuit and consumption
- The patient must participate actively in “getting” this disorder (like type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease)
What factors influence susceptibility for addiction?
Both genetic and environmental factors influence susceptibility
What is addiction best understood as?
- Best understood as a clinical brain disorder with observable physiological manifestations that underlie pathological aspects of behavior
What are the four stages of drug addiction?
- Use
- Heavy Use
- Early dependence
- Late dependence/Neuroadaptation
How is addiction related to positive/negative reinforcement?
As use disorder progresses, negative reinforcement increases while positive reinforcement decreases
What is the cycle of addiction?
- Initial use, then abstinence (withstanding from drug with possible withdrawal symptoms), then relapse.
- This cycle continues, leading to the progressive stages of addiction.
- Most begin with a balanced mood, but when taking the drug experience high/euphoria… then experience mild withdrawal. Overtime, euphoria magnitude decreases as magnitude of withdrawal increases. This continues until no euphoria is reached (considered late dependence with significant neuroadaptations present)
What is the definition of substance use disorder according to the DSM-5?
“Substance use disorder descrbes a problematic pattern of using alcohol or another substance that results in impairment in daily life or noticeable distress”
How many symptoms do you need for mild, moderate, and severe SUD (according to DSM-5)
- 2-3 symptoms: mild
- 4-5 symptoms: moderate
- 6+: severe
How many total symptoms are there for SUD in the DSM and what are they categorized under?
- Physical dependence
- loss of control
- clinical impairment
What are the physical dependence symptoms of SUDs?
- “Craving” the substance
- Building up a tolerance to the substance: either needing to use noticeably larger amounts over time to get the desired effect, or noticing less of an effect over time after repeated use of the same amount
- Experiencing withdrawal symptoms after stopping use (this increases as you use over time)
Loss of control symptoms
- Consuming more substance than originally intended
- Worrying about stopping or consistently failed efforts to control one’s use
- Spending a large amount of time using, or doing whatever is needed to obtain them
- Continuing the use of a substance despite health problems caused or worsened by it
Clinical impairment symptoms
- Use of the substance results in failure to “fulfill major role obligations” (home, work, or school)
- Continuing the use of a substance despite its having negative effects in relationships with others
- Repeated use of the substance in a dangerous situation
- Giving up/reducing activities in a person’s life because of the substance use
SUD Manifestations Ilicit
- Narcotics
- Hallucinogens
- Stimulants
- Cannabis (in most states)
SUD manifestations licit
- Cigarettes
- Alcohol
- Cannabis (legal in over 20+ states and DC)
Manifestations- nonchemical
- Gambling disorder (in DSM5)
- Internet gaming disorder (possible)
- Food, porn, sex, shopping, exercise (under study)
What age group misuses alcohol the most?
Ages 26+, probably because they can legally (66.5%)
What age group misuses weed the most?
12-17 year olds have highest prevalence
What are the main effects with alcohol use disorder?
- Loss of control over alcohol drinking
- Negative emotions when not drinking
- Have to drink more for the same effects