Cardio Flashcards
What is the classic electrocardiographic finding in digitalis toxicity?
atrial tachycardia w/ variable block
Which segment of the EKG is prolonged in digitalis toxicity?
PR interval
What are the EKG findings in NSTEMI?
ST-depression, T-wave inversion; (no Q waves)
What is the primary indication for Niacin?
hyper-TRIGLYCERIDEmia
What is scale for determining stroke risk in pts w/ A-fib? What is the cutoff for starting warfarin therapy?
CHADS-2 score; give 2 pts for each of the following: Cardiovascular disease, Htn, Age > 75, Diabetes, Stroke (or TIA). Add 1 pt for all other risk factors. Score >or= 3 –>warfarin.
What is the Tx for A-fib w/ a CHADS score of less than 3?
aspirin or warfarin – physician’s discretion
An anterior wall (anteroseptal) STEMI is associated w/ ST elevation in which leads?
V1-V3
What leads would have ST elevation in lateral wall or apical MI?
V4-V6
What is the EKG presentation of pericarditis?
widespread ST-elevation w/ upwardly concave appearance and PR-depression
What should you suspect in paroxysmal atrial tachycardia w/ AV block?
digitalis toxicity
Why would digitalis cause PAT w/ AV block?
slows conduction through AV node (vagal stimulation) and stimulates ectopic pacemaker w/ excess intracellular Ca++
What is the normal range of serum K+ (meq/L)?
3.5-5.1
What type of heart failure drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy? What is the teratogenic effect of the drug?
ACE-I’s; renal agenesis
What are the vasodilators of choice in heart failure during pregnancy?
Hydralazine and nitrates
What drug should be added to the regimen of patients w/ severe, decompensated (EFs?
spironolactone
