2/5/13

Question 1

Loss to follow-up on prospective studies creates a potential for _______ bias.

Answer 1

selection

Question 2

What physical exam finding can easily differentiate methemoglobinemia from carbon monoxide and CN- poisoning?

Answer 2

Skin color - pink in CO and CN-, blue in MetHb

Question 3

Serum levels of ______ will confirm the Dx of CO poisoning.

Answer 3

Carboxyhemoglobin

Question 4

What kind of nephropathy are HBV, HCV, malaria, and syphilis all associated with?

Answer 4

Membranous nephropathy

Question 5

What is hepatorenal syndrome?

Answer 5

Renal failure d/t portal htn

Question 6

In a pt w/ pulmonary embolism, heparin and warfarin should be started simultaneously. After how many days can heparin usu. be stopped?

Answer 6

5-7

Question 7

How long should warfarin be given to a pt after the first PE?

Answer 7

6 mos.

Question 8

How long should warfarin be given to a pt after 2nd PE?

Answer 8

For life

Question 9

In the cause of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, when should CPR be started before defibrillation?

Answer 9

When >4-5 mins will pass before defibrillator arrives or event was unwitnessed

Question 10

What aerobic, Gram(+), partially acid-fast branching rods cause pulmonary, CNS, or cutaneous manifestations, particularly in people with deficient cell-mediated immunity?

Answer 10

Nocardia

Question 11

What is the Tx for nocardiasis?

Answer 11

TMP-SMX

Question 12

Electrical alternans is an EKG sign fairly specific for _______.

Answer 12

pericardial effusion

Question 13

What is electrical alternans on EKG? What is thoguht to be the mechanism?

Answer 13

amplitude changes from beat to beat as heart swingsback and forth in pericardial fluid.

Question 14

What benign tumor of the liver causes sheets of enlarged hepatocytes containing lipid and glycogen with loss of hepatic architecture (nodules, bile ducts)?

Answer 14

hepatic adenoma

Question 15

Who is at increased risk for hepatic adenoma?

Answer 15

young women w/ a long Hx of oral contraceptive use, anabolic androgen users, glycogen storage disease, DM, and pregnancy

Question 16

What are the 2 most feared complications of hepatic adenoma?

Answer 16

intratumor bleed and malignant transformation

Question 17

What serum marker can indicate malignant transformation ofr hepatic adenoma?

Answer 17

alpha-fetoprotein

Question 18

What 2 situations might increased GGT or Alk Phos indicate in pts w/ hepatic adenoma?

Answer 18

multiple adenomas or intratumor bleed

Question 19

About ___ in 10 ps w/ hepatic adenoma will experience malignant transformation.

Answer 19

1

Question 20

What is the conservative Tx of asymptomatic hepatic adenomas?

Answer 20

discontinuation of oral contraceptives followed by serial imaging and measurement of serum AFP.

Question 21

What is the more aggressive Tx of hepatic adenoma, which musdt be performed in symptomatic cases?

Answer 21

resection

Question 22

What is a benign hepatic tumor that, unlike adenoma, shows sinusoids and Kupffer cells and is not associated w/ oral contraceptive use?

Answer 22

focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH)

Question 23

What assumption is necessary in order to conclude that the exposure-odds ratio is roughly equal to the relative risk?

Answer 23

rare disease assumption

Question 24

_______ deficiency can cause RBC fragility, HYPOreflexia, muscle weakness, and blindness.

Answer 24

Vit E