18) Drugs

Question 1

Define drugs

Answer 1

Chemicals taken by the body that modifies chemical reaction inside the body

Question 2

Define antibiotics

Answer 2

Chemical substance produced by microorganisms to stop or kill growth of bacteria

Question 3

How antibiotics work

Answer 3

-Either damage the cell wall of the bacteria, causing water to enter the bacteria and lyse, killing it
-Or by preventing formation of cell wall, so stop growth and reproduction

Question 4

Why antibiotics only kills bacteria

Answer 4

As antibiotics interfere with cell wall formation, where human cells nor viruses have cell walls

Question 5

Why complete the course of antibiotics

Answer 5

1.To ensure killing all bacteria
2.Otherwise the remaining bacteria will reproduce and continue illness
3.To prevent bacteria undergoing mutation and developing resistance to antibiotic
4.So antibiotics are no longer effective
5.So must develop a new type of antibiotics

Question 6

How to limit antibiotic resistant bacteria from forming

Answer 6

1.Dont use antibiotics unless prescribed
2.Dont use when having viral infection
3.Complete course of antibiotic
4.Dont use same type of antibiotic multiple time
5.Isolate patients with antibiotic resistant infection
6.Good hygiene

Question 7

Why sometimes take antibiotics for viral infection

Answer 7

To prevent the body from secondary infection by bacteria

Question 8

Natural selection

Answer 8

1.There is variation
2.Variation is due to meiosis, mutation and fertilisation
3.Selection pressure (food, predation antibiotics)
4.Those with favourable characteristic are able to survive
5.Those with less favourable characteristic will die
6.So survival of the fittest, those who have favourable trait will grow and reproduce
7.Passing the gene to next generations, by natural selection

Question 9

How population of antibiotic resistant bacteria (MRSA) develop

Answer 9

1. Variation
2. Where bacteria undergo mutation which is a sudden change in base sequence of DNA producing a new resistant allele
   3.Resistant bacteria will survive and reproduce by survival of the fittest, passing mutant allele to next generations
   4.Non-resistant bacteria will die
   5.by natural selection
3. Resulting in a new population of resistant bacteria