1) Cells Flashcards
Cell
smallest basic unit of animal or plant and acts as a building block
Tissue
group of similar cells working
together to perform a specific function
Organ
group of different tissues working together to perform a
specific function/s
Cell wall (3)
- Gives strength and support
- Prevent cell from bursting
- gives cell definite shape and stay turgid
(fully permeable & made of cellulose)
Vacuole (2)
- Contains sap solution
- keeps cell turgid (by pushing on cell membrane & wall)
Chloroplast
- Contains chlorophyll that absorbs light energy to carry photosynthesis
- store starch as grains
Cell membrane (3)
- Acts as a barrier
- keeps cell content inside
- controls movement in and out of cell
Cytoplasm
Site of chemical reaction
Mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration to release energy
Vesicle
Transport material around and out of the cell
Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Nucleus (3)
- Contains genetic material
- controls cell activities
- Controls cell division
Red blood cell (5)
Function: transport oxygen to all body cells
Adaptations:
1. Biconcave shape: to provide larger surface area for faster gas exchange
2.No cell organelles(nucleus): to provide more space for more haemoglobin to transport more oxygen
3. Almost same size as capillary: to slowly for efficient gas exchange
4. Flexible: to squeeze through tiniest capillary
Ciliated epithelial cells
- Goblet cells secretes sticky mucus
- Mucus traps dust and bacteria
- Cilia beats to sweep mucus out of the lungs
- Back to the throat to be swallowed and killed by acid in the stomach
Palisade mesophyll
Function: site of photosynthesis
Adaptation: Packed with chloroplast which contains chlorophyll to absorb light energy to carry photosynthesis
Root Hair Cells
Function: absorption of water and minerals
Adaptations:
1. Cytoplasmic extension: to provide L. S.A for maximum absorption of water and minerals
2. Thin cell wall: for shorter diffusion distance
3. Many mitochondria: site of aerobic respiration to release energy for active uptake of mineral ions
4. Concentrated sap vacuole to allow water absorption by osmosis
Xylem Vessels
Function: transport water and minerals and give support to the plant
Adaptation:
1. Made from dead hollow cells with no cell organelles to allow water to flow freely with minimum resistance
2.No end walls, to allow free water flow with minimum resistance in a continuous water column
3. wall with lignin that is water proof to prevent water leakage
4. thick wall made of lignin for support
5. pits to allow lateral movement of water to nearby cells
