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laboratory animal test 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

What term refers to the environmental conditions within an animal’s pen or cage?

A

Microenvironment

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1
Q 
Which of the following waste gases are prevented from accumulating when animal rooms are properly ventilated?
A- hydrogen and helium
B- nitrogen sulfur dioxide
C- oxygen and nitrous oxide
D- ammonia and carbon dioxide
A

D- ammonia and carbon dioxide

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2
Q

The relative humidity in animal rooms should be maintained within what range?

A

30%-70%

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3
Q

What types of animals are especially light sensitive?

A

Albino animals

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4
Q

Light from what spectrum has the least effect on animals’ physiology if they are exposed to it during the dark period?

A

Red

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5
Q

What is the term for microorganisms that cause disease?

A

Pathogens

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6
Q

What document provides information on how to handle or safely work with a substance?

A

The material safety data sheet (MSDS)

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7
Q

Once sanitized, caging and equipment is best stored in which location?

A

In the clean side of the cage wash area

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8
Q

What is the term for a bacteria that has formed a tough outer coat for protection against harsh environmental conditions?

A

A spore

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9
Q

What is the definition of “sanitization”?

A

The reduction of the number of microorganisms on a surface or object

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10
Q

If a chemical ends in “-cide”, what kind of chemical is it?

A

A disinfectant

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11
Q

What is not necessarily true about cleaning animal rooms?

A

Every animal room should be cleaned once per week

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12
Q

What are vermin a problem in animal facilities?

A

They can spread disease to the laboratory animals

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13
Q

What must be done before disinfecting an object with bleach?

A

Debris and organic matter must be removed

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14
Q

What are the three processes used to either remove or kill microoraganisms?

A

Sanitization, disinfection, sterilization

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15
Q

Which statement is true about individually ventilated cages?
A- bottled water cannot be used with individually ventilated caging systems
B- they cannot be used for bioontainment studies
C- if the ventilation fails, qcarbon dioxide levels can rise inside the cages and asphyxiated the animals
D- they encourage an exchange of microbes between cages, so extra precautions must be taken

A

C- if the ventilation fails, carbon dioxide levels can rise inside the cages and asphyxiate the animals

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16
Q

What is the meaning of the word “Microenvironment”?

A

The environment conditions within an animal’s cage or pen

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17
Q

What type of animal housing room is usually kept cooler than rodent housing rooms?

A

Rabbit rooms

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18
Q

Adult mice in rooms that are too warm (>80 F) can suffer from:

A

Heat stress

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19
Q

What is one problem associated with high humidity in an animal room?

A

Food can spoil more quickly

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20
Q

What happens when you open the door to a negative pressure room?

A

Air rushes into the room from the hall because the pressure is higher in the hallway

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21
Q

What type of room in an animal facility would be kept under positive pressure?

A

Surgical suite

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22
Q

Which if the following is not an acceptable method for picking up a mouse?
A- grasp the tail near the base, using your thumb and forefinger
B- grasp the mouse by the skin on the back of the neck using a smooth-tipped forceps
C- grasp the tip of the tail, using your thumb and forefinger

A

C- grasp the tip of the tail, using your thumb and forefinger

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23
Q

T/F
Mice less than 10 days of age may be caught by cupping the hands around the whole body or by picking up a group of pups together with a small amount of nesting material.

A

True

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24
Q

T/F

Both respiration and heart rate in the mouse are easily measured by observing or feeling the chest.

A

False

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25
Q

T/F

When a behaviorally dominant mouse chews fur off a more subordinate mouse, the behavioral condition is called trimming.

A

False

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26
Q

T/F
An acceptable management technique that may reduce or prevent fighting among male mice housed together is to house young males together from weaning.

A

True

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27
Q

T/F

The “F1” on the end of a hybrid designation indicates that this is the second generation.

A

False

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28
Q

T/F

Inbred strains usually have larger litters than outbred stocks.

A

False

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29
Q

By 7 days of age, mouse pups are fully furred and their eyes open

A

False

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30
Q

What are hybrid mice?

A

The offspring of two different strains of mice

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31
Q

What is the term for the condition that results when the incisors become overly long and do not align properly?

A

Malocclusion

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32
Q

What is the term for the space between the anus and genital papilla of most rodents?

A

Anogenital distance

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33
Q

How often do female mice come into estrus?

A

Once every 4 to 5 days

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34
Q

What is a sign that neonatal mice are nursing well?

A

A white spot on the left side of the abdomen

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35
Q

Which if the following is a very common method of euthanizing mice?
A- decapitation
B- CO2 asphyxiation
C- captive bolt
D- cardiac injection of potassium chloride

A

B- CO2 asphyxiation

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36
Q

Mice are most active at night. What is the term used to describe being active at night?

A

Nocturnal

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37
Q

What is the average weight of a typical newborn rat?

A

5-6 grams

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38
Q 
What of these anatomical characteristics distinguishes rats from mice?
A- a shorter esophagus
B- two upper and two lower incisors
C- the lack of a gallbladder
D- the prescience of premolar teeth
A

C- the lack of a gallbladder

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39
Q

Which rat is albino, has a wide head, long ears, and a tail that is half it’s body length?

A

Wistar

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40
Q

T/F

Male rats can usually not be housed together, as they will fight.

A

False

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41
Q

Which rat stocks is also known as the “hooded” rat?

A

Long-Evans

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42
Q

T/F

Rats are generally more relaxed and less prone to biting their handlers than are mice.

A

True

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43
Q

What is the scientific name for the common laboratory rat?

A

Rattus norvegicus

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44
Q

T/F

A hamster can be restrained by grasping the loose skin across the back, above the shoulders.

A

True

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45
Q

T/F

Hamster can be moved around from cage to cage without danger of fighting.

A

False

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46
Q

T/F

Hamsters sleep very soundly and startle easily if awakened suddenly.

A

True

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47
Q

T/F

Hamsters are the most docile of laboratory rodent species.

A

False

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48
Q

T/F

Larger hamsters will dominate smaller ones, no matter what sex they are.

A

True

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49
Q

T/F

Only male hamsters have scent glands.

A

False

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50
Q

T/F

Gerbils create a lot of urine and therefore need to have their cages changed often.

A

False

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51
Q

T/F

Gerbils maintain “cyclic activity”, or intermittent periods of high-level activity followed by periods of rest or sleep.

A

True

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52
Q

T/F

Only female gerbils have a dark yellow gland, called the ventral marking gland, on the ventral midline of their abdomen

A

False

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53
Q

T/F

Secretions from the ventral marking gland are used in territory marking and pup identification.

A

True

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54
Q

Since gerbils are desert animals, they can get all the water they need from their food.

A

False

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55
Q

How long is the gestation period for gerbils?

A

24-26 days

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56
Q

What type of breeding scheme gives the best results in gerbils?

A

Monogamous mating

57
Q

What hereditary problem occurs in approximately 20% to 50% of gerbils?

A

Seizures

58
Q

When handling gerbils, you must be cautious because they have a tendency to:

A

Jump

59
Q

What is one problem female gerbils may have, which may cause them to cease reproducing prematurely?

A

Ovarian cysts

60
Q

What is the scientific name of the gerbil?

A

Meriones unguiculatus

61
Q

What is the scientific name for the guinea pig?

A

Cavia porcellus

62
Q

What’s the term for a male guinea pig?

A

Boar

63
Q

What is the term for a female guinea pig?

A

Sow

64
Q

Guinea pigs cannot synthesize which vitamin?

A

C

65
Q

T/F

CO2 euthanasia is an acceptable form of euthanasia for guinea pigs.

A

True

66
Q

T/F

Guinea pigs are seasonal breeders and only breed in the early spring.

A

False

67
Q

T/F

Guinea pigs have long periods of activity, followed by short periods of sleep.

A

True

68
Q

T/F

Guinea pigs can either freeze or stampede in response to sudden movements.

A

True

69
Q

T/F

Guinea pigs are very neat and clean and will defecate only in one corner of their pens.

A

False

70
Q

Guinea pigs will blow partially chewed food into water bottle sipper tubes.

A

True

71
Q

T/F

Barbering is common in guinea pigs.

A

True

72
Q

T/F

Guinea pigs can eat the standard rodent chow for rats and mice.

A

False

73
Q

T/F

There is a large difference in the anogenital distance seen between male and female guinea pigs

A

False

74
Q

T/F

Stillbirths and spontaneous abortions are common in guinea pigs

A

True

75
Q

T/F

Guinea pig babies are born altricial

A

False

76
Q

T\F

Guinea pigs are great climbers

A

False

77
Q

What is the common form of enrichment for mice?

A

Group housing

78
Q

Which of the following is not true about feeding mice powdered feed?
A- powdered feed is called “meal”
B- mice can only have limited access to water when being fed powdered feed
C- the use of powdered diets usually requires special feeders
D- powdered feed is used when feed intake by the mice is being measured

A

B- mice can only have limited access to water when being fed powdered feed

79
Q 
Which if the following types of rat is an inbred strain?
A- lewis
B- wistar
C- sprague-dawley
D- long-Evans
A

A-Lewis

80
Q

How long is the gestation period for rats?

A

21-23 days

81
Q

Which rodent species is virtually tailless?

A

Hamsters

82
Q

Hamsters administered antibiotics such as penicillin may develop an inflammation of the intestinal tract called:

A

Enteritis

83
Q

To prevent fusion of the pelvic bones, female guinea pigs should be bred before what age?

A

7 months

84
Q

Like humans and nonhuman primates, guinea pigs need a dietary source of vitamin:

A

C

85
Q 
The prescence of which if the following indicates stress or illness in rats?
A- yellow urine
B- small scales on the tail
C- darkened fur
D- porphyrin staining around the nose
A

D- porphyrin staining around the nose

86
Q

What is the unusual anatomic feature of the hamster, which makes it a popular model for research?

A

Cheek pouch

87
Q

What does sterilization do?

A

Destroys all organisms on, and sometimes inside, an object

88
Q

What is the main concern if a chemical solution that is too dilute is used?

A

Cleaning may not be as effective as necessary

89
Q

What is the best solution to remove the residue left by dried urine on cage surfaces?

A

A descaler

90
Q

What special feature allows bacterial spores to resist harsh environmental conditions such as high temperatures?

A

A tough outer coat

91
Q 
Which is not a method of proper sterilization?
A- irradiation
B- exposure to ethylene oxide gas
C- use of an autoclave 
D- soaking in isopropyl alcohol
A

D- use of isopropyl alcohol

92
Q

What do you use to distinguish between many male and female rodents?

A

Anogenital distance

93
Q

Which of the following statements about rats is true?
A- rats are generally more relaxed and less prone to biting their handlers than are mice
B- the scientific name for the common laboratory rat is rattus montanus
C- rats are diurnal, whereas mice are nocturnal
D- rats have a gestation period that lasts about 25-28 days

A

A- rats are generally more relaxed and less prone to biting their handlers than are mice

94
Q

What is the term for an animal that is born fully furred with its eyes open?

A

Precocial

95
Q

Scientific name of the common house mouse.

A

Mus musculus

96
Q

Scientific name of the rat.

A

Rattus norvegicus

97
Q

Scientific name of the golden or Syrian hamster.

A

Mesocricetus auratus

98
Q

Scientific name of the Chinese hamster.

A

Cricetulus griseus

99
Q

Scientific name of the djungarian hamster.

A

Phodopus sungorus

100
Q

Scientific name of the Armenian hamster.

A

Cricetulus migratorius

101
Q

Scientific name of the Mongolian gerbil.

A

Meriones unguiculatus

102
Q

Scientic name of the guinea pig.

A

Cavia porcellus

103
Q

Outbred stocks of mice

A

Swiss Webster, CD-1, ICR

104
Q

Inbred stocks of mice

A

BALB/c, C3H, C57BL/6, DBA, FVB, 129

105
Q

Outbred stocks of rats

A

Wistar, sprague-dawley, long-Evans

106
Q

Inbred strains of rats

A

The Fischer 344, Lewis

107
Q

Normal dentition of mice

A

Mice have only one pair of upper and lower incisors. They have three upper and lower molars on each side of the mouth. They have no canine teeth or premolars. They have no baby teeth.

108
Q

Normal dentition of rats

A

No canine teeth or premolars. They have one pair of upper and lower incisors. There are three upper and three lower molars on each side of the mouth.

109
Q

Normal dentition of gerbils

A

Do not have canine teeth or premolar teeth. They have one upper and lower incisor and three upper and lower molars on each side.

110
Q

Normal dentition of guinea pigs.

A

Have only one pair of upper and lower incisors. They have three upper and lower molars on each side of the mouth. They do not have canine teeth, premolars, or deciduous teeth.

111
Q

Gestation period of mice

A

19-21 days

112
Q

Life span of mice

A

1-3 years

113
Q

Estrous cycle of mice

A

4-5 days

114
Q

Gestation period of rats

A

21-23 days

115
Q

Life span of rats

A

2.5-3 years

116
Q

Estrous cycle of rats

A

4-5 days

117
Q

Gestation period of hamsters

A

15-18 days

118
Q

Life span of hamsters

A

1.5-2 years

119
Q

Estrous cycle of hamsters

A

4-5 days

120
Q

Gestation period of gerbils

A

24-26 days

121
Q

Life span of gerbils

A

2-4 years

122
Q

Estrous cycle of gerbils

A

4-6 days

123
Q

Gestation period of guinea pigs

A

59-72 days

124
Q

Life span of guinea pigs

A

4-5 years

125
Q

Estrous cycle of guinea pigs

A

13-21 days

126
Q

Blood collection formula

A

7% of body weight=total blood volume

10% of total blood volume= allowable blood withdrawal

127
Q

SQ volume for a mouse

A

1 ml or less

128
Q

SQ amount for rats

A

25 ml/kg

129
Q

IP amount for rats

A

25 ml/kg

130
Q

IM amount for rats

A

0.1 ml/site

131
Q

SQ amount for hamsters

A

3-4 ml in scruff

132
Q

IP amount for hamsters

A

3-4 ml

133
Q

IM amount for hamsters

A

0.1 ml/site

134
Q

SQ amount for gerbils

A

3-4 ml in scruff

135
Q

IP amount in gerbils

A

3-4 ml

136
Q

IM amount in gerbils

A

0.1 ml/site

137
Q

SQ amont for guinea pigs

A

5-10 ml in scruff

1-2 ml in flank

138
Q

IP amount in guinea pigs

A

10-15 ml

139
Q

IM amount in guinea pigs

A

0.3 ml/site

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