19 Flashcards
(105 cards)
1
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1:02 PM Sat May 31
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GE Reviewer
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..•
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= 22% 04
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Open in Word U Q = @ Done
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LOWER CULMINATION
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7
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The instant when the body is at the lower portion of the
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8
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meridian.
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9
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PARALLELS OF DECLINATION
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10
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Intersection of the sphere and of a plane parallel to the
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11
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equator.
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PARALLELS OF LATITUDE
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13
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equators that are sire in carlos unar para lel a the terestrial
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14
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POLAR DISTANCE
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15
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The angular distance between the pole and the celestial
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body measured along the hour circle through the body.
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PRECESSION
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The slight shifting of the earth’s body.
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RIGHT ASCENSION
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An hour angle relation to the vernal equinox measured
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21
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eastwardly along the equator from the vernal equinox to the hour
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circle passing through the body.
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VERTICAL PLANE
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Plane containing the zenith and perpendicular to the horizon
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UPPER CULMINATION
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The instant when the body is at the upper portion of the
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meridian.
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VERTICAL CIRCLE
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A great circle containing the zenith and nadir.
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ZENITH
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The intersection of the celestial sphere and of the vertical of
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the observer above his horizon.
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NADIR
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The intersection of the celestial sphere and of the vertical of
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the observer below his horizon.
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CELESTIAL EQUATOR
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Plane perpendicular to the rotation axis containing the
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center.
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CELESTIAL MERIDIAN
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Observer's vertical plane containing the poles. It contains
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the hour circle through the zenith
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SOLSTICES
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Two opposite points on the ecliptic 90° from either equinox
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Near the points where the sun reaches its greatest angular
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distance from the celestial equator
north (summer solstice) or south
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(winter solstice)
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CELESTIAL SPHERE
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Sphere where in the earth is the center and at the surface
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are the celestial bodies such as stars
moon
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NORTH AND SOUTH CELESTIAL POLES
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Intersection of the rotation axis of the earth and of the
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sphere.
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CELESTIAL PARALLEL
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A small circle parallel to the celestial equator.
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CELESTIAL HORIZON
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The plane perpendicular to the vertical of the observer and
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containing the observer (thus the center of the earth -assumption is
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that the distances of celestial bodies are large enough that the radius
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of the earth is neglected).
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PRIME VERTICAL
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Vertical plane perpendicular to the celestial meridian.
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NORTH/SOUTH POINTS
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Points on the celestial sphere where the celestial meridian
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intersects the celestial horizon.
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EAST/WEST POINTS
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Intersection points on the celestial sphere with the celestial
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horizon
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Situated on the line of intersection of the celestial horizon
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and the celestial equator.
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OBLIQUITY OF THE ECLIPTIC
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Acute angle between the celestial equator and the ecliptic.
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EQUINOCTIAL COLURE
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Hour circle through the poles and the equinoxes.
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SOLSTICIAL COLURE
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Hour circle through the poles and the solstices
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Perpendicular to the equinoctial colure.
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Types of Errors
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Systematic Errors
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Always have the same sign
thus accumulating. It occurs
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because of instrumental
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factors
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natural causes
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and human
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Accidental Errors
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Occurrences are matter of chance
varying in signs
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crapering Also called random
compensating
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Sources of Errors
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Instrumental Errors
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Imperfections in to the instrument like measuring with a
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steel tape of incorrect length
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Natural Errors
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Caused by variations in of nature such as changes in
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magnetic declination
wind
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Personal or Human Errors
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Caused by limitations of the sense of sight
touch
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hence errors committed by humans.
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MEASUREMENT OF VERTICAL DISTANCES
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Levelling
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Is the procedure used to determine differences in elevation
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between points.
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Elevation
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Is the vertical distance above or below a reference datum.
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Vertical line
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Is a line from the surface of the earth to the earth's center.
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It is also referred to as a plumb line or a line of gravity.
