Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

function of renal and hepatic > 19 measuring liver function > Flashcards

19 measuring liver function Flashcards

1
Q

What do LFTs involve?

A

Detecting the levels of several biochemical markers in the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What substances are measured in LFTs?

A
  • Bilirubin
  • ALT
  • AST
  • GGT
  • ALP
  • protein
  • albumin
  • globulins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do liver enzymes indicate liver disease?

A

They leak into the blood when liver cells are damaged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do ALP and GGT show>

A

Suggest the presence of obstructive biliary disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is hepatitis?

A

Inflammation of the liver as a result of viral infection or harmful substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is cholestasis?

A

When bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum (mechanical vs metabolic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is cirrhosis?

A

Scarring of the liver as a result of the continuous, long-term liver damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is bilirubin?

A

A breakdown product released when RBCs are destroyed at the end of their 120 life span

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is unconjugated blood carried?

A

In albumin to the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is conjugated blood carried?

A

It is excreted in bile as it is water soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the healthy level of bilirubin?

A

<20mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens at 35mmol of bilirubin?

A

The patient is jaundiced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does conjugated bilirubin> unconjugated mean?

A

Biliary obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is likely if proportions of conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin are equal?

A

Hepatocellular damage is likely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is conjugated bilirubin measured?

A

Urine sampling over 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is palmer erythema?

A

Reddening of the skin on the palm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is ascites?

A

Excessive accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

18
Q

What is spider naevi?

A

A type of swollen blood vessel

19
Q

How much fluid is required for ascites to be detected by clinical examination?

20
Q

What are the symptoms of ascites?

A

Discomfort, nausea and appetite suppression and increasing dyspnoea

21
Q

What is haemolytic jaundice?

A

Haemolytic of RBCs causing formation of bilirubin at a faster rate than liver can excrete

22
Q

What causes haemolytic jaundice?

A

Drugs, infection and enzyme deficiency

23
Q

What is the bilirubin amount in haemolytic jaundice?

24
Q

What is hepatocellular jaundice?

A

Due to damage of hepatocytes intracellular enzymes leak into the circulation and bilirubin is unable to be transported into the bile by hepatocytes

25
What causes hepatocellular jaundice?
- Infection - drugs - alcohol - impaired blood supply
26
What is the bilirubin amount in hepatocellular jaundice?
Up to 300mmol
27
What are the 2 cholestasis jaundice?
- Intra-hepatic where there is failure of bile flow/excretion within the liver - extra-hepatic where there is obstruction of the biliary tree outside the liver
28
What is the bilirubin amount in cholestasis jaundice?
Up to 500mmol/L
29
What do high ALT levels indicate?
acute liver disease
30
What do moderately raised levels of ALT indicate?
acute liver disease
31
What does low ALT suggest?
Vitamin B6 deficiency
32
Where is AST found?
In the liver, heart, kidneys, skeletal muscle and RBCs
33
When are AST levels raised?
In shock, pregnancy and after exercise
34
What is GGT used for?
Identifying patients at risk of liver disease due to alcoholism
35
When is ALP raised?
In cirrhosis and liver cancers as well as bone diseases
36
Are albumin levels high or low in chronic liver disease?
Low
37
When are albumin levels reduced?
- malnutrition - chronic renal failure - nephrotic syndrome and severe burns - in surgery - pregnancy - with age - when over hydrated
38
What is prothrombin time?
a measure of time taken for blood to clot and to check for bleeding problems
39
How is PT affected by chronic liver conditions?
It is raised from 10-14 seconds
40
What does increased bilirubin indicate?
loss of function of bile ducts

function of renal and hepatic (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions