1ST QUIZ - ZOOLOGY Flashcards by Alyza Mae Arguelles

Q

State the 5 main topics from the intro.

A

The Science of Zoology
Characteristics of Life
Hierarchy of Biological Organization
The Scientific Process
Limitations of Science

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Q

The study of animals.

A

Zoology

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Q

Full name of your Zoology Lecture professor.

A

Esteven Theodore A. Nacar, MS

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Q

One of the broadest fields in the study of life.

A

ZOOLOGY

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Q

Studies all aspects of animal life (e.g . _______________, ___________ & etc)

A

ZOOLOGY; structure; function

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Q

Why study zoology?

A

understand animal life and its origins
learn and understand about a particular structure, function, or process in relation to animals
various adaptations that enable the success of animals in their respective habitats.

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Q

What are the perspectives in Zoology?

A

EVOLUTIONARY & ECOLOGICAL

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Q

Example of Specialization in Zoology

Study of the structure of entire organism and their function.

A

ANATOMY

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Q

Example of Specialization in Zoology

*Study of the structure and functions of cells.

A

CYTOLOGY

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Q

Example of Specialization in Zoology

*Study of the interactions of organisms with their environment.

A

ECOLOGY

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Q

Example of Specialization in Zoology

*Study of the stages of animal development.

A

EMBRYOLOGY

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Q

Example of Specialization in Zoology

*Study of the mechanisms of transmission of traits from parent to offspring.

A

GENETICS

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Q

Example of Specialization in Zoology

*Study of tissues.

A

HISTOLOGY

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Q

Example of Specialization in Zoology

*Study of the subcellular components.

A

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

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Q

Example of Specialization in Zoology

*Study of parasitic animals and their corresponding interactions.

A

PARASITOLOGY

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Q

Example of Specialization in Zoology

*Study of the function of organisms and their parts.

A

PHYSIOLOGY

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Q

Example of Specialization in Zoology

*Study of classification and evolutionary relationships.

A

SYSTEMATICS

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Q

Give the TEN (10) Specializations in Zoology

A

ANATOMY
CYTOLOGY
ECOLOGY
EMBRYOLOGY
GENETICS
HISTOLOGY
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
PARASITOLOGY
PHYSIOLOGY
SYSTEMATICS

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Q

Give the SIX (6) Specializations in Zoology by Taxonomic Categories

A

ENTOMOLOGY
HERPETOLOGY
ICHTHYOLOGY
MAMMALOGY
ORNITHOLOGY
PROTOZOOLOGY

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Q

Example of Specialization by Taxonomic Categories

*Study of Insects

A

ENTOMOLOGY

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Q

Example of Specialization by Taxonomic Categories

*Study of Amphibians & Reptiles

A

HERPETOLOGY

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Q

Example of Specialization by Taxonomic Categories

*Study of Fishes

A

ICHTHYOLOGY

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Q

Example of Specialization by Taxonomic Categories

*Study of Mammals

A

MAMMALOGY

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Q

Example of Specialization by Taxonomic Categories

*Study of Birds (Avifauna)

A

ORNITHOLOGY

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Supplementary Question *Is the birds or the kinds of birds of a region, period, or environment

AVIFAUNA

Supplementary Question *What is the Greek Word for "bird"?

ORNIS

Supplementary Question *What is the Greek Word for "fish"?

IKHTUS

Supplementary Question *What is the Greek Word for "insect"?

ENTOMON

Supplementary Question *What is the Greek Word for "reptile/amphibian"?

HERPETON

Example of Specialization by Taxonomic Categories *Study of Protozoa

PROTOZOOLOGY

Who are the three doctors mentioned in the discussion of specializations?

1. DR. ANGEL ALCALA 2. DR. NINA INGLE 3. DR. JADE ASTER BADON

Zoology: An _____________ Perspective This is the change in the genetic makeup of populations of organisms over time.

EVOLUTIONARY; BIOLOGICAL (ORGANIC) EVOLUTION

Zoology: An ________________ Perspective - __________ processes help explain: - How diversity of animal structure and function arose. - Family relationships within the animal kingdom.

EVOLUTIONARY

What does evolutionary processes help explain?

1. HOW DIVERSITY OF ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION AROSE 2. FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM 3. EXPLAIN ANIMAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Supplementary Question - Meaning "four legs" in Greek - include all land-living vertebrates, such as frogs, turtles, hawks, and lions

TETRAPODA

Supplementary Question - ‘ray-finned fishes,’ are the largest and most successful group of fishes and make up half of all living vertebrates.

ACTINOPTERYGII

Animal Classification and Evolutionary Relationships - Groups of individuals are more closely related if they ______ ______ DNA.

SHARE; MORE

Animal Classification and Evolutionary Relationships - Animal classification reflects a ______________ of ______________. # Binomial Nomeclature # ______________ (1707-1778) # Two-part name for each species; Part one is the ______ name; Part two is the ______ _____. #Draco spilopterus (underlined) or Draco Spilopterus (italicized)

HIERARCHY; RELATEDNESS CARL vON LINNE; GENUS; SPECIES EPITHET

Animal Classification & Evolutionary Relationships: - State the Hierarchy of Relatedness

mnemonic: Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup DOMAIN KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES NAME

Animal Classification & Evolutionary Relationships: - Is the branch of biology that names and classifies species of increasing breadth [specific to general]

TAXONOMY

Animal Classification & Evolutionary Relationships: - _______, followed by ________, are the broadest units of classifications.

DOMAINS; KINGDOMS

Zoology: An Ecological Perspective - The study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. - Failure to understand ___________ relationships among animals and their environment has resulted to ___________ consequences.

ECOLOGY; ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS; DETRIMENTAL

Zoology: An Ecological Perspective Supplementary Question: - Scientific name of "Mahogany"

Swietenia macrophylla

Zoology: An Ecological Perspective Supplementary Question: - Former and present Scientific name of "Cane toad"

Rhinella marina (PRESENT) Bufo marinus (FORMER)

Zoology: An Ecological Perspective - Root of all other environmental problems. - Population estimated to be ________ by 2050.

HUMAN GLOBAL POPULATION; 9.6 BILLION

Zoology: An Ecological Perspective - __________ stress all resources - Climate change, deforestation, water shortages, extinction of species

WORLD RESOURCES; OVERPOPULATION

Zoology: An Ecological Perspective - _______ require dealing with overpopulation.

SOLUTIONS

What is life? - Life is recognized by ____________________:

WHAT LIVING THINGS DO

What is life? Cite what the SIX (6) things that living things do:

1. Composed of CELLS (ORDER) 2. Contains GENETIC MATERIAL (or DNA) 3. Regulate METABOLIC PROCESSES 4. Grow, develop & reproduce 5. Respond to STIMULI/ Perform HOMEOSTASIS 6. EVOLVE and ADAPT to the environment. 1. ORDER 2. REGULATION 3. GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT 4. REPRODUCTION 5. RESPONSE TO STIMULUS 6. EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION (7. ENERGY UTILIZATION)

What is life? - maintaining internal balance through feebacking mechanisms.

HOMEOSTASIS

What is life? - How does HOMEOSTASIS maintain internal balance?

FEEDBACKING MECHANISMS

What is life? Life is _________; HIERARCHY OF BIOLOGICAL ORDER - Living organisms function and interact with each other at many levels. - These levels are organized in a hierarchy of increasing complexity: # # #

ORGANIZED 1. CELLULAR LEVEL 2. ORGANISMAL LEVEL 3. ECOSYSTEM LEVEL

What is life? - State the properties of life (11)

1. ATOM 2. MOLECULES 3. ORGANELLES 4. CELLS 5. TISSUES 6. ORGAN 7. ORGAN SYSTEM 8. MULTI-CELLED ORGANISM 9. POPULATION 10. ECOSYSTEM 11. BIOSPHERE

What is life? - The smallest chemical unit of a type of pure substance (element). Example: Carbon

ATOM

What is life? - A group of joined atoms. Example: DNA

MOLECULE

What is life? - A membrane bounded structure that has a specific function within a cell. Example: Chloroplast

ORGANELLE

What is life? - A collection of specialized cells that function in a coordinated fashion. (Multicellular life only.) Example: Epidermis on leaf

TISSUE

What is life? - The fundamental unit of life. Multicellular organisms consist of many cells; unicellular organisms consist only of one cell. Example. Leaf cell

CELL

What is life? - A structure consisting of tissues organized to interact and carry out specific functions. (Multicellular only.) Example: Leaf

ORGAN

What is life? - Organs connected physically or chemically that function together. (Multicellular life only.) Example: Aboveground part of a plant

ORGAN SYSTEM

What is life? - A single living individual. Example: One acacia tree

ORGANISM

What is life? - A group of the same species of organism living in the same place and time. Example: Multiple acacia trees.

POPULATION

What is life? - All populations that occupy the same region. Example: All populations in a savanna

COMMUNITY

What is life? - The living and nonliving components of an area. Example: The savanna

ECOSYSTEM

What is life? - The global ecosystem; the parts of the planet and its atmosphere where life is possible.

BIOSPHERE

What is life? - New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy. Example: The metal sodium combines with the poisonous gas chlorine, forming the edible compound sodium chloride, or table salt.

EMERGENT PROPERTIES

What is life? - Form and ________ are correlated at all levels of biological organization.

STRUCTURE

Scientists use the __________ ________ - In general, all scientific _______ follows a standard process to study the natural world. The process is known as the __________ _________.

SCIENTIFIC METHOD; INQUIRY; SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Detailed Concept Map: Scientific Method - a body of _________, steps for investigating ________/________ phenomena based on _________ or ________ ________.

TECHNIQUES; SCIENTIFIC/NATURAL; EMPRICAL; MEASURABLE; PARAMETERS

TRUE OR FALSE: - The scientific method has multiple interrelated parts...

TRUE

The scientific method begins with ________ and _________.

OBSERVATIONS; QUESTIONS

Are the knowledge amassed before the experiment begins? Example: Rotavirus is common and causes serious illness; vaccines are often cost-effective ways to prevent illness.

OBSERVATIONS

The ________ & ________ are based on observations.

HYPOTHESIS; PREDICTIONS

These are potential explanations for the observation, which can be supported or falsified by the data. Example: The vaccine will stimulate the immune system and will therefore be associated with reduced incidence of rotavirus disease.

HYPOTHESES

The _______ is designed to test the hypothesis. Example: Researchers measure disease incidence among children in study. - Data must be _______ and _______.

EXPERIMENT; OBJECTIVE; QUANTIFIABLE

The _______ is based on the data from the experiment. Example: Results suggest that the vaccine was safe and effective in this study.

CONCLUSION

After drawing conclusions, the research is subjected to _____ ______. - Results are evaluated & reviewed by peers & published

PEER REVIEW

An _______ ________ is a careful plan

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

Well-designed experiments include: - number of subjects in a group

SAMPLE SIZE

Well-designed experiments include: - what is being manipulated

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

Well-designed experiments include: - what is measured

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Well-designed experiments include: - held constant for all subjects

STANDARDIZED VARIABLE

Well-designed experiments include: - untreated group used for comparison

CONTROL VARIABLE

An experimental design includes clear _________.

VARIABLES

A variable that an investigator manipulates to determine whether it influences the dependent variable Example: Dose of vaccine

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

A variable that an investigator measures to determine whether it is affected by the independent variable EXAMPLE: Number of children with illness caused by rotavirus

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Any variable that an investigator intentionally holds constant for all subjects in an experiment, including the control group Example: Age and health of children in study

STANDARDIZED VARIABLE

Basis for comparison to treatment group(s); control subjects may remain untreated or receive a placebo Example: Placebo lacking active ingredient in vaccine

CONTROL

Data interpreted using _______ _______

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Analyses test the data for __________ __________: the probability that the results arose purely by chance.

STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE

LIMITS OF SCIENCE - ___________ nature of science.

MECHANISTIC

LIMITS OF SCIENCE - Multiple _______ or _________.

INTERPRETATION; MISINTERPRETATION

LIMITS OF SCIENCE - _______________ and ___________ results must be repeatable.

OBSERVATIONS; EXPERIMENTAL

LIMITS OF SCIENCE - Scientific approach cannot provide answers to _____________.

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

LIMITS OF SCIENCE - Cannot provide _______, _______, or __________ _________

MORAL; AESTHETIC/ PHILOSOPHICAL STANDARDS

LIMITS OF SCIENCE - Cannot support or falsify ____________ ____________.

SUPERNATURAL; EXPLANATION

State the SIX (6) LIMITS OF SCIENCE

1. MECHANISTIC NATURE OF SCIENCE 2. MULTIPLE INTERPRETATIONS OR MISINTERPRETATION 3. OBSERVATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS MUST BE REPEATABLE 4. SCIENTIFIC APPROACH CANNOT PROVIDE ANSWERS TO SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS. 5. CANNOT PROVIDES MORAL, AESTHETIC, AND PHILOSOPHICAL STANDARDS. 6. CANNOT SUPPORT OR FALSIFY SUPERNATURAL EXPLANATION

What is life? Supplementary Question: - This creature is found in the rainforests of Ecuadpr; first discovered in 2009 and published March 24, 2015.

Pristimatis mutabilis - MUTABLE RAINFROG

State the Scientific Method

1. ASK A QUESTION 2. DO BACKGROUND RESEARCH 3. CONSTRUCT A HYPOTHESIS 4. TEST WITH AN EXPERIMENT 5. PROCEDURE WORKING 6. ANALYZE DATA AND DRAW CONCLUSIONS 7- RESULTS ALIGN WITH HYPOTHESIS/ RESULTS ALIAHGN PARTIALLY OR NOT AT ALL WITH HYPOTHESIS 8. COMMUNICATION RESULTS

State the TEN (10) Endemic Dracos (gliding lizards) of the Philippines

1. Bimaculatus 2. Cyanopterus 3. Guentheri 4. Jareckii 5. Mindanensis 6. Ornatus 7. Palawenensis 8. Quadrasi 9. Reticulatus 10. Spilopterus

A Draco species found in: - BOHOL - LAPININ - CHICO - LEYTE - SAMAR

RETICULATUS

A Draco species found in: - BOHOL - DINAGAT - MINDANAO - LEYTE - SAMAR

ORNATUS

A Draco species found in: - DINAGAT - MINDANAO - LEYTE - SAMAR

MINDANENSIS