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ZOOLOGY (LECTURE) > Midterm - Cells, Tissues, Organs & Organ Systems (P.1) > Flashcards

Midterm - Cells, Tissues, Organs & Organ Systems (P.1) Flashcards

1
Q

What are cells?

A

1) CELLS ARE THE BASIC OR FUNDAMENTAL UNITS OF LIFE
2) ALL LIVING THINGS ARE COMPOSED OF CELLS

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2
Q

What are the two (2) types of cells?

A

1) PROKARYOTIC CELLS
2) EUKARYOTIC CELLS

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3
Q

This simpler type of cells LACK NUCLEI and other membrane-bound organelles.

A

PROKARYOTIC CELLS

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4
Q

What are the two domains of PROKARYOTIC CELLS?

A

1) ARCHAEA
2) EUBACTERIA

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5
Q

This type of cell is larger and has many membrane-bound organelles!

A

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

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6
Q

Eukaryotic cells are characterized by having?

A

1) DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope.
2) Have membrane-bound organelles
3) Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus.

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7
Q

Where is the cytoplasm located in EUKARYOTIC CELLS?

A

Between the plasma membrane and nucleus

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8
Q

Which of the two types of cells are generally larger?

A

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

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9
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: True membrane-bound nucleus

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - ABSENT
Eukaryote - PRESENT

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10
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: DNA complexed with histones

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - NO
Eukaryote - YES

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11
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: # of chromosomes

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - 1
Eukaryote - More than one

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12
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Nucleolus

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - ABSENT
Eukaryote - PRESENT

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13
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Mitosis

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - NO
Eukaryote - YES

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14
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Genetic Recombination

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - PARTIAL, UNIDIRECTIONAL TRANSFER OF DNA
Eukaryote - MEIOSIS & FUSION OF GAMETES

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15
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Mitochondria

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - ABSENT
Eukaryote - PRESENT

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16
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Chloroplasts

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - ABSENT
Eukaryote - PRESENT

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17
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Plasma membrane with sterols

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - USUALLY NO
Eukaryote - YES

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18
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Flagella

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - Submicroscopic in size; composed of only one fiber

Eukaryote - Microscopic in size; membrane-bound; usually 20 microtubules in 9+2 pattern

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19
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Endoplasmic Reticulum

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - ABSENT
Eukaryote - PRESENT

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20
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Cell Walls

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - Usually chemically complex
Eukaryote - Chemically simpler

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21
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Ribosomes

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - 70S
Eukaryote - 80S (except in mitochondria & chloroplasts)

22
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Lysosomes and Peroxisomes

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - ABSENT
Eukaryote - PRESENT

23
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Microtubules

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - ABSENT OR RARE
Eukaryote - PRESENT

24
Q

Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Component: Cytoskeleton

Prokaryote -
Eukaryote -

A

Prokaryote - MAY BE ABSENT
Eukaryote - PRESENT

25
Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells Component: Vacuoles Prokaryote - Eukaryote -
Prokaryote - PRESENT Eukaryote - PRESENT
26
Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells Component: Vesicles Prokaryote - Eukaryote -
Prokaryote - PRESENT Eukaryote - PRESENT
27
Comparing Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells Component: DIFFERENTIATION Prokaryote - Eukaryote -
Prokaryote - Rudimentary Eukaryote - Tissues and Organs
28
In the hierarchy of biological organization, what is the fundamental unit of life?
CELL
29
Everything an animal does is ultimately happening at what level?
CELLULAR LEVEL
30
State the hierarchy of biological organization from simplest to most complex
ATOMS I SIMPLE MOLECULES I MACROMOLECULES I MEMBRANES I ORGANELLES I CELLS I TISSUES I ORGANS I ORGAN SYSTEMS I ANIMAL
31
What are the THREE (3) BASIC PARTS of ALL EUKARYOTES?
1) CELL MEMBRANE 2) CYTOPLASM 3) NUCLEUS
32
Basic Features of Cells This encloses the cell and MEDIATES interactions between cell and its enviornment.
PLASMA MEMBRANE
33
The plasma membrane ________ the cell and _________ interactions between the cells and its _________.
ENCLOSES; MEDIATES; ENVIRONMENT
34
Cells _____ and ______ ______ as hereditary blueprints in the ______________.
USE; CARRY; DNA; CHROMOSOMES
35
Cell USE and CARRY DNA as ____________ ___________ in the chromosomes.
HEREDITARY BLUEPRINTS
36
Cells have these to synthesize proteins.
RIBOSOMES
37
Cells do what to energy and nutrients?
OBTAIN & UTILIZE
38
What is CELL FUNCTION limited by?
CELL SIZE
39
Cells are ______ in ________ and ________.
DIVERSE; FORM; FUNCTION
40
Cell Membranes provide what?
INTERNAL COMPARTMENTALIZATION
41
This system in the cell membrane provides local environments for varying processes to occur.
INTERNAL COMPARTMENTALIZATION
42
Membrane are ________ to other membranes within the cell.
COMPATIBLE
43
Why are most cells ______?
SMALL
44
Cells are limited in size by the what?
SURFACE TO VOLUME RATIO between their OUTER SURFACE ARE AND VOLUME.
45
What is SURFACE TO VOLUME RATIO that limits cell size is between?
OUTER SA and VOLUME
46
Who controls a certain amount of living cytoplasm (or cell contents) I in cells?
NUCLEUS
47
As the radius of a sphere increases, its volume _________ more rapidly than its surface area.
INCREASES
48
If the cell volume becomes __________, adequate _________ of nutrients and _______ cannot occur across the _________ _________.
TOO LARGE; EXHANGE; WASTE; PLASMA MEMBRANE
49
What is the formula for the relationships between surface area and volume?
SA/V = surface-area-to-volume-ratio
50
Under "Cell Shape and Function", what are the two (2) key conclusions?
1) DIVERSITY OF FORM REFLECTS A DIVERSITY OF FUNCTION 2) THE SHAPE OF A CELL DEPENDS ON ITS FUNCTION

ZOOLOGY (LECTURE) (12 decks)

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