Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ZOOLOGY (LECTURE) > Q#3 - CELLS PT.2 & PT. 3 > Flashcards

Q#3 - CELLS PT.2 & PT. 3 Flashcards

1
Q

This cell part is composed mainly of PHOSPHOLIPIDS and PROTEINS, allowing certain material to move across them.

A

CELL MEMBRANE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The quality of the cell membrane allowing certain material to move across them is called?

A

SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The _____________ model is based on the knowledge of the _____________.

A

FLUID-MOSAIC; CELL MEMBRANE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the functions of the cell membrane? Enumerate the SIX (6).

A
  1. Regulate the movement of material
  2. Separate the inside of the cell from the outside
  3. Separate various organelles within the cell
  4. Provide a large surface area
  5. Are a site for receptors
  6. Separate cells from one another
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cell membranes contain zones called?

A

LIPID RAFTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cell membranes are heavily enriched in _______________.

A

CHOLESTEROL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Some molecules use their own energy to move.

A

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Passive transport is the transportation from an area of _________ concentration to an area of _________ concentration.

A

HIGHER; LOWER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give the THREE (3) examples of PASSIVE TRANSPORT.

A

1) SIMPLE DIFFUSION
2) FACILITATED DIFFUSION
3) OSMOSIS AND FILTRATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This is the NET MOVEMENT of molecules or ions from a region of HIGHER CONCENTRATION to a region of LOWER CONCENTRATION.

A

DIFFUSION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the driving force of diffusion?

A

DIFFERENCE IN THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the factors affecting DIFFUSION RATES? Cite the FIVE (5).

A

1) SIZE
2) TEMPERATURE
3) STEEPNESS OF THE CONCENTRATION
4) CHARGE
5) PRESSURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do you call the movement across CELL MEMBRANES?

A

OSMOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of HIGHER WATER CONCENTRATION to an area of LOWER CONCENTRATION is?

A

OSMOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Osmosis is just a special type of diffusion, not a _______ method.

A

DIFFERENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Net diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane between two fluids

A

OSMOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

EFFECT OF SALT CONCENTRATION ON ANIMAL CELL VOLUMES

  • Equivalent solute concentration
A

ISOTONIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

EFFECT OF SALT CONCENTRATION ON ANIMAL CELL VOLUMES

  • Concentrated solutes outside.
A

HYPERTONIC (on the outside)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

EFFECT OF SALT CONCENTRATION ON ANIMAL CELL VOLUMES

  • Dilute solutes outside
A

HYPOTONIC (on the outside)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens to cells in an ISOTONIC solution?

A

NOTHING/NORMAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What happens to cells in a HYPERTONIC solution?

A

SHRIVELED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens to cells in a HYPOTONIC solution?

A

CELLS SWELL AND EVENTUALLY BURST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This transport across membranes REQUIRES energy from the cell to move substances from LOWER concentration to HIGHER concentration areas.

A

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
This movement require ATP energy.
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
26
There are how many types of carrier proteins?
THREE (3)
27
Cite the ADDITIONAL PROCESSES that move molecules across membranes in bulk.
1) ENDOCYTOSIS - Pinocytosis - Phagocytosis - Receptor-mediated endocytosis 2) EXOCYTOSIS
28
What does LDL mean?
LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
29
Is LDL good or bod cholesterol?
BAD CHOLESTEROL
30
Cholesterol travels in the ________ along with LDLs.
BLOOD
31
LDL act as _______(molecules that specifically bind with receptor proteins)
LIGANDS
32
LDLs gain entrance to the cell through?
ENDOCYTOSIS
33
Is a disorder known for an excess of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in your blood
Hypercholesterolemia
34
Build up of cholesterol results in early ________.
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
35
EXOCYTOSIS Means by which __________, _________________ and ______________ are secreted in animal cells
HORMONES, NEUROTRANSMITTERS; DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
36
_________________ have protein-based hormones including the neurotransmitter _______________, which is a natural painkiller that is released when we are stressed (Rose Lynn-Fisher 2013)
EMOTIONAL TEARS; LEUCINE ENKEPHALIN
37
This is the information center of the cell. - - It contains DNA. - Control and information center - Directs chemical reactions - Stores genetic information
NUCLEUS
38
Part of the nucleus contains many pores that allow material to enter and leave the nucleus.
NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
39
The nucleus is a____________ point for ribosomes.
PRE-ASSEMBLY
40
The _______________ in the nucleus have DNA organized into genes which are specific DNA sequences that control and regulate cell activities.
CHROMOSOMES
41
______________ ______________ synthesize proteins that will function in the cytosol.
FREE FLOATING RIBOSOMES
42
Ribosomes attached to the ______________ synthesize proteins that function inside of organelles or outside of the cell.
ROUGH ER
43
What are the TWO (2) parts of the CYTOPLASM?
1) The cytomembrane system 2. The aqueous part consists of the FLUID CYTOSOL
44
The cytomembrane system consists of the?
- ER - GOLGI APPARATUS - VACUOLES - VESICLES
45
What organelle belonging to the CYTOMEMBRANE or ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM contains: - a series of channels that transports proteins - also stores enzymes and proteins - a site of ribosome attachment
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
46
What organelle belonging to the CYTOMEMBRANE or ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM contains: - Aids in the synthesis and secretion of GLYCOPROTEINS. - Aids in processing and modifying other materials (e.g., enzymes)
GOLGI APPARATUS
47
The nucleus contains _______, which specifies the "recipe" for the proteins. It also contains the _______, which synthesizes ribosomes.
DNA; NUCLEOLUS
48
This is the copy of the genetic information and carries the "recipe" for making proteins.
mRNA
49
This is a stack of membrane sacs that acts as a "processing center"
GOLGI APPARATUS
50
Endomembrane System: ______________ & ______________
PROTEIN PRODUCTION & LOCALIZATION
51
Proteins that will be _______ move from ribosomes into the ______, where they are modified and folded into their exact _____ shape.
SECRETED; rER; 3D
52
In the rER of _____________, insulin are synthesized and secreted into the bloodstream.
PANCREATIC CELLS
53
___________ is important in the synthesis of lipids, the metabolism of carbohydrates, and the detoxification of drugs and poisons.
SMOOTH ER
54
These are also produced in the cell's Smooth ER.
SEX HORMONES
55
Detoxification in _____________involved adding ______________ to drug molecules making them more soluble and easy to flush out of the body.
LIVER CELLS; HYDROXYL GROUP
56
Increasing the amount of toxins or drugs also increases the __________ of the Smooth ERs. Thus ultimately, increasing the tolerance of the cell and therefore, an increase in the dosage or amount that is taken in.
PROLIFERATION
57
In cellular digestion, what organelle is present?
LYSOSOMES
58
Lysosomes contain ___________ enzymes.
HYDROLYTIC
59
Some transport vesicles leaving the Golgi carry enzymes that ___________ ____________ reactions.
CATALIZE; HYDROLYSIS
60
This is where cellular digestion of LARGE MOLECULES occurs.
LYSOSOMES
61
Plant cells have large _____________.
CENTRAL VACUOLES
62
These are membrane-bound sacs that store many materials.
VESICLES; VACUOLES
63
Plant cells often have ______ large central vacuole. This fills with _______, making the cell rigid.
ONE; WATER
64
Plant cells lack _________. Digestion occurs in a large central vacuole.
LYSOSOMES
65
Cellular respiration takes place inside the?
MITOCHONDRIA
66
These are the power plants of the cell that converts chemical energy stored in food into smaller molecules for the cell to use.
MITOCHONDRIA
67
Mitochondria have ______ membranes, _______ and ______. The _____ membrane is folded up to increase the amount of surface area to do chemical reactions.
TWO; INNER; OUTER
68
These organelles harvest energy from light.
CHLOROPLASTS
69
Eukaryotes that carry out PHOTOSYNTHESIS include ______ and some ______.
PLANTS; PROTISTS
70
Plants and some protists have _______ - organelles that convert energy from sunlight into energy stored in sugar molecules.
CHLOROPLASTS
71
Carbohydrates made in chloroplasts travels to the ______, which extracts the energy to use for cellular processes.
MITOCHONDRIA
72
A _______________ supports eukaryotic cells.
CYTOSKELETON
73
This is a network of protein filaments that give the cell shape.
CYTOSKELETON
74
The cytoskeleton can also help ____________ materials across the cell.
TRANSPORT
75
These are parts of the cytoskeleton that help move chromosomes during cell division.
CENTRIOLES
76
What are the several functions of the CYTOSKELETON?
1) Structural support 2) Aids in cell transport 3) Organelle transport 4) Cell movement
77
Microtubules make up structures called _____ and _____ that protrude out from cells.
CILIA; FLAGELLA
78
___________ need cilia to push particles like dust out of the respiratory tract.
AIRWAY CELLS
79
Sperm cells use _______ to swim.
FLAGELLA

ZOOLOGY (LECTURE) (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions