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ZOOLOGY (LECTURE) > Midterm - Cells, Tissues, Organs & Organ Systems (P.3) > Flashcards

Midterm - Cells, Tissues, Organs & Organ Systems (P.3) Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

This is the INFORMATION CENTER.

A

NUCLEUS

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2
Q

What are the 4 MAJOR FUNCTIONS of the NUCLEUS?

A
  • Contains DNA
  • Control and Information Center
  • Directs chemical reactions
  • Stores genetic information
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3
Q

This region in the nucleus contains many PORES that allow material to enter and leave the nucleus.

A

NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

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4
Q

The __________ in the nucleus have DNA organized into ________ - which are specific DNA sequences that _________ and_________ cell activities.

A

CHROMOSOMES; GENES; CONTROL; REGULATE

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5
Q

The nucleus is a _______________ for ___________

A

PRE-ASSEMBLY POINT; RIBOSOMES

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

The nuclear pore is a ________ for _______ and ________.

A

PASSAGE; RNA; PROTEINS

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8
Q

This is the site of the assembly of ribosome units.

A

NUCLEOLUS

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9
Q

Where are PROTEINS synthesized?

A

RIBOSOMES

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10
Q

These ribosomes synthesize proteins that will function in the __________.

A

FREE-FLOATING; CYTOSOL

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11
Q

What are the TWO parts of the CYTOPLASM?

A

1) CYTOMEMBRANE SYSTEM
2) THE AQUEOUS PART CONSISTS OF THE FLUID CYTOSOL

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12
Q

Ribosomes attached to the ________ SYNTHESIZE PROTEINS that function inside of organelles or outside of the cell.

A

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

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13
Q

What are the FOUR (4) PARTS of the CYTOMEMBRANE SYSTEM?

A

1) ER
2) GOLGI APPARATUS
3) VACUOLES
4) VESICLES

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14
Q

Another term of “CYTOMEMBRANE SYSTEM”

A

ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM

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15
Q

This is a series of channels that transport proteins.

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

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16
Q

This is the site of ribosome attachment and also stores enzymes and proteins.

A

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

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17
Q

The ER stores ___________ and __________.

A

ENZYMES; PROTEINS

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18
Q

What does the ER transport?

A

PROTEINS

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19
Q

What are the TWO (2) TYPES OF ER?

A

1) SMOOTH ER
2) ROUGH ER

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20
Q

This organ in the CYTOMEMBRANE SYSTEM aids in the SYNTHESIS and SECRETION of glycoproteins.

A

GOLGI APPARATUS

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21
Q

It aids in PROCESSING and MODIFYING other materials (e.g., enzymes)

A

GOLGI APPARATUS

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22
Q

The nucleus controls what?

A

PROTEIN PRODUCTION

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23
Q

Specifies the recipe for the proteins; contained in the nucleus.

A

DNA

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24
Q

The nucleus contains the ________, which synthesizes ribosomes.

A

NUCLEOLUS

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25
What matches the sequence of DNA?
Messenger RNA (mRNA)
26
This is a copy of the genetic information; it carries the recipe for making proteins.
mRNA
27
Match: Nucleus = Control and Information Center Endomembrane System = ?
PROTEIN PRODUCTION & LOCALIZATION
28
The ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM is composed of?
1) SMOOT & ROUGH ER 2) GOLGI COMPLEXES/BODIES 3) VESICLES
29
Proteins that will be _________ move from ribosomes into the _________, where they are modified and folded into their exact 3d shape.
SECRETED; ROUGH ER
30
These move from the rER to the GOLGI APPARATUS.
TRANSPORT VESICLES
31
This is a stack of membrane sacs that act as a "processing center".
GOLGI APPARATUS
32
Proteins leaving the Golgi are ________ and _______ into _____ ______ ________.
SORTED; PACKAGED; NEW; TRANPSORT; VESICLES
33
Where in PANCREATIC CELLS are insulin synthesized and secreted into the bloodstream?
ROUGH ER
34
In these cells' Rough ER, insulin is synthesized and secreted into the bloodstream.
PANCREATIC CELLS
35
This is important in the synthesis of LIPIDS, the metabolism of carbohydrates, and the detoxification of drugs and poisons.
SMOOTH ER
36
The SMOOTH ER is important in which?
1) SYNTHESIS OF LIPIDS 2) METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES 3) DETOXIFICATION OF DANGEROUS DRUGS AND POISONS
37
Sex hormones are produced in the cells's?
SMOOTH ER
38
Detoxification in LIVER CELLS involves adding ___________ to drug molecules making them more soluble and easy to flush out of the body.
HYDROXYL GROUPS
39
Increasing the amount of __________ or _________ also increases the ___________________ of the __________. Thus ultimately, increases the ____________ of the cell and therefore, an increase in the dosage or amount that is taken in.
TOXINS; DRUGS; PROLIFERATION; TOLERANCE
40
What cellular activity is linked to LYSOSOMES?
CELLULAR DIGESTION
41
Lysosomes contain what enzymes?
HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES
42
Some transport vesicles leaving the Golgi carry enzymes that catalyze what reactions?
HYDROLYSIS REACTIONS
43
These vesicles fuse with ___________, where cellular digestion of large molecules occurs.
LYSOSOMES
44
Plant cells have large what?
CENTRAL VACUOLES
45
These two are membrane-bound sacs that story many materials.
1) VESICLES 2) VACUOLES
46
This type of cell often have ONE LARGE CENTRAL VACUOLE. This fills with ________, making the cell _________.
PLANT CELL; WATER; RIGID
47
Plant cells lack _________. Digestion occurs in __________________.
LYSOSOMES; LARGE CENTRAL VACUOLES
48
What cell activity takes place inside the MITOCHONDRIA?
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
49
These are the power plants of the cell.
MITOCHONDRIA
50
These convert the chemical energy stored in food into smaller molecules for cell use.
MITOCHONDRIA
51
Mitochondria have two membranes, _________ and _________.
INNER; OUTER
52
This part of the mitochondria is folded up to increase the surface area for chemical reactions.
INNER MEMBRANE OF MITOCHONDRIA
53
In the MITOCHONDRIA, what region contains the mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA)?
MATRIX
54
In the MITOCHONDRIA, what part increases the surface area?
CRISTA
55
The folding of the inner membrane of the mitochondria increases the amount of what?
SURFACE AREA TO DO CHEMICAL REACTIONS
56
Chloroplasts harvest energy from ________?
LIGHT
57
Wukaryotes that carry out photosynthesis include ________ and some ________.
PLANTS; PROTISTS
58
These organelles convert energy from sunlight into energy stored in sugar molecules.
CHLOROPLAST
59
Carbohydrates made in ________ travel to the mitochondria, which extract the energy to use for cellular processes.
CHLOROPLASTS
60
Carbohydrates made in chloroplasts travel to what organelle for energy extraction?
MITOCHONDIRA
61
This is a network of protein filaments that give the cell its shape.
CYTOSKLETEON
62
The cytoskeleton is a network of _________________ that give the cell its _________.
PROTEIN FILAMENTS; SHAPE
63
This can help transport materials across the cell.
CYTOSKELETON
64
This is a part of the cytoskeleton that help move chromosomes during cell division.
CENTRIOLES
65
What are the THREE (3) Types of Cytoskeleton?
1) MICROFILAMENTS 2) INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS 3) MICROTUBULES
66
What is the FOUR (4) FUNCTIONS of Cytoskeleton?
1) STRUCTURAL SUPPORT 2) AIDS IN CELL DIVISION 3) ORGANELLE TRANSPORT 4) CELL MOVEMENT
67
These parts play a part in cell movement.
CILIA; FLAGELLA
68
What make up structures called cilia and flagella that protrude out from cells?
MICROTUBULES
69
These cells need cilia to push particles like dust out of the respiratory tract.
AIRWAY CELLS
70
These cells use flagella to swim.
SPERM

ZOOLOGY (LECTURE) (12 decks)

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