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Business Process Mgmt > 1st trimester abn 2 > Flashcards

1st trimester abn 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is subchorionic hemorrhage

A

blood collects between the uterine wall and the chorionic membrane and may leak through the cervical canal

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2
Q

out come of a fetus with subchorionic hemorrhage depends on (3)

A

Size of the hematoma,
Mother’s age,
Fetus’s gestational age.

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3
Q

1st trimester screening preformed when

A

9to 13W6D

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4
Q

first trimester serum screening suggests trisomy 21 if

A

higher concentration of BHCG and lower PAPP-A

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5
Q

second semester serum screening is analysing for

A 
Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
Neural tube defects (ex. spina bifidaor anencephaly)
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6
Q

When would AFP test be done by itself in 2nd trimester

A

whenfirst trimester Down syndrome screening has already been used to assess risk.

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7
Q

what weeks is second trimester test done

A

15 and 20th weeks

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8
Q

sonographic appearance of nuchal translucency

A

collection of fluid under the skin behind the fetal neck in the first trimester of pregnancy

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9
Q

Nuchal translucency increasing size associated with

A

Aneuploidy and structure defects

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10
Q

optimal NT measurement time

A

11 to 13W6

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11
Q

min and max CRL for NT measure

A

45-84mm

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12
Q

What size should heart rate be detected in fetal pole

A

7mm

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13
Q

Pregnancy failure

Crown-rump length (CRL) of____mm and no heart beat

A

> or = 7 mm and no heart beat

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14
Q

Pregnancy failure

Mean sac diameter (MSD) of_____ and no embryo

A

≥25mm

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15
Q

Pregnancy failure

Absence of embryo with heartbeat_______ after a scan that showed a gestational sac without a yolk sac

A

≥2 weeks

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16
Q

Pregnancy failure

Absence of embryo with heartbeat______ after a scan that showed a gestational sac with a yolk sac

A

≥11 days

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17
Q

When there are findings suspicious for pregnancy failure, follow-up ultrasonography at ____Days

A

7-10

18
Q

Fetal demise is when there is no

A

no Fetal Heart Rate

19
Q

_______ of all fertilized eggs die and are lost (aborted) spontaneously, usually before the woman knows she is pregnant.

A

about half

20
Q

Among women who know they are pregnant, the miscarriage rate is about

A

15-20 %

21
Q

Most miscarriages occur during the first _______ weeks of pregnancy.

A

7 weeks

22
Q

what is threatened miscarriage

A

is a loose term referring to pain, bleeding or contractions during the first 20 weeks of gestation, with a closed cervical os.

23
Q

what is Missed miscarriage/missed abortion/early fetal demise

A

situation when there is a non-viable fetuswithin the uterus, without the patient presenting with frank abortion-like features.

24
Q

what is Spontaneous Abortion

A

refers to naturally occurring events, not to medical or surgical abortions.

25
Q

what is inevitable abortion

A

refers to the presence of an open internal os in the presence of bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy.

26
Q

what is incomplete abortion

A

miscarriage where there are retained products of conception still within the uterus

27
Q

what is septic abortion

A

lining of the womb (uterus) and any remaining products of conception become infected

28
Q

WHAT is complete abortion

A

final stage of a miscarriagewhere all products of conception have passed out of the uterus
Shows an empty uterus with no fetal components or products of conception.

29
Q

4 first trimester related complications

A

fibroids, synchiae, IUCD, cerclage

30
Q

what are synechiae

A

idiopathic fibrous scars

31
Q

what may synchiae mimic

A

amniotic band syndrome

32
Q

what is ashermans syndrome

A

Intrauterine adhesions resulting from the uterine trauma or interventions

33
Q

uterine synechiae aka (2)

A

amniotic sheets or amniotic folds

34
Q

do uterine synechiae interfere with development of the fetus?

A

no

35
Q

appearance of synchiae

A

thick banding across the uterine wall and colour doppler flow

36
Q

classic history that raises the suspicion of cervical insufficiency

A

recurrent mid-trimester pregnancy losses.

37
Q

5 causes of incompetent cervix

A

Malformed cervix or uterus from a birthdefect
Damage during a difficult birth
Previous surgery on the cervix such as LEEP procedure
Previous trauma to the cervix, such as aD&C (dilation and curettage) from a termination or amiscarriage
DES

38
Q

what was DES linked to

A

linked to the occurrence of vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma in female offspring

39
Q

what does cerclage do and when is it performed

A

procedurethat sews the cervix closed to reinforce the weak cervix
12-14 weeks

40
Q

Copper IUCD stops pregooos how

A

makes the uterus and fallopian tubes produce fluid that kills sperm and prevents implantation of the blastocyst.
(prostoglandulins)

Business Process Mgmt (30 decks)

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