1st trimester abn 2

Question 1

what is subchorionic hemorrhage

Answer 1

blood collects between the uterine wall and the chorionic membrane and may leak through the cervical canal

Question 2

out come of a fetus with subchorionic hemorrhage depends on (3)

Answer 2

Size of the hematoma,
Mother’s age,
Fetus’s gestational age.

Question 3

1st trimester screening preformed when

Answer 3

9to 13W6D

Question 4

first trimester serum screening suggests trisomy 21 if

Answer 4

higher concentration of BHCG and lower PAPP-A

Question 5

second semester serum screening is analysing for

Answer 5

Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
Neural tube defects (ex. spina bifidaor anencephaly)

Question 6

When would AFP test be done by itself in 2nd trimester

Answer 6

whenfirst trimester Down syndrome screening has already been used to assess risk.

Question 7

what weeks is second trimester test done

Answer 7

15 and 20th weeks

Question 8

sonographic appearance of nuchal translucency

Answer 8

collection of fluid under the skin behind the fetal neck in the first trimester of pregnancy

Question 9

Nuchal translucency increasing size associated with

Answer 9

Aneuploidy and structure defects

Question 10

optimal NT measurement time

Answer 10

11 to 13W6

Question 11

min and max CRL for NT measure

Answer 11

45-84mm

Question 12

What size should heart rate be detected in fetal pole

Answer 12

7mm

Question 13

Pregnancy failure

Crown-rump length (CRL) of____mm and no heart beat

Answer 13

> or = 7 mm and no heart beat

Question 14

Pregnancy failure

Mean sac diameter (MSD) of_____ and no embryo

Answer 14

≥25mm

Question 15

Pregnancy failure

Absence of embryo with heartbeat_______ after a scan that showed a gestational sac without a yolk sac

Answer 15

≥2 weeks

Question 16

Pregnancy failure

Absence of embryo with heartbeat______ after a scan that showed a gestational sac with a yolk sac

Answer 16

≥11 days

Question 17

When there are findings suspicious for pregnancy failure, follow-up ultrasonography at ____Days

Answer 17

7-10

Question 18

Fetal demise is when there is no

Answer 18

no Fetal Heart Rate

Question 19

_______ of all fertilized eggs die and are lost (aborted) spontaneously, usually before the woman knows she is pregnant.

Answer 19

about half

Question 20

Among women who know they are pregnant, the miscarriage rate is about

Answer 20

15-20 %

Question 21

Most miscarriages occur during the first _______ weeks of pregnancy.

Answer 21

7 weeks

Question 22

what is threatened miscarriage

Answer 22

is a loose term referring to pain, bleeding or contractions during the first 20 weeks of gestation, with a closed cervical os.

Question 23

what is Missed miscarriage/missed abortion/early fetal demise

Answer 23

situation when there is a non-viable fetuswithin the uterus, without the patient presenting with frank abortion-like features.

Question 24

what is Spontaneous Abortion

Answer 24

refers to naturally occurring events, not to medical or surgical abortions.

Question 25

what is inevitable abortion

Answer 25

refers to the presence of an open internal os in the presence of bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Question 26

what is incomplete abortion

Answer 26

miscarriage where there are retained products of conception still within the uterus

Question 27

what is septic abortion

Answer 27

lining of the womb (uterus) and any remaining products of conception become infected

Question 28

WHAT is complete abortion

Answer 28

final stage of a miscarriage where all products of conception have passed out of the uterus Shows an empty uterus with no fetal components or products of conception.

Question 29

4 first trimester related complications

Answer 29

fibroids, synchiae, IUCD, cerclage

Question 30

what are synechiae

Answer 30

idiopathic fibrous scars

Question 31

what may synchiae mimic

Answer 31

amniotic band syndrome

Question 32

what is ashermans syndrome

Answer 32

Intrauterine adhesions resulting from the uterine trauma or interventions

Question 33

uterine synechiae aka (2)

Answer 33

amniotic sheets or amniotic folds

Question 34

do uterine synechiae interfere with development of the fetus?

Answer 34

no

Question 35

appearance of synchiae

Answer 35

thick banding across the uterine wall and colour doppler flow

Question 36

classic history that raises the suspicion of cervical insufficiency

Answer 36

recurrent mid-trimester pregnancy losses.

Question 37

5 causes of incompetent cervix

Answer 37

Malformed cervix or uterus from a birth defect Damage during a difficult birth Previous surgery on the cervix such as LEEP procedure Previous trauma to the cervix, such as a D&C (dilation and curettage) from a termination or a miscarriage DES

Question 38

what was DES linked to

Answer 38

linked to the occurrence of vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma in female offspring

Question 39

what does cerclage do and when is it performed

Answer 39

procedure that sews the cervix closed to reinforce the weak cervix 12-14 weeks

Question 40

Copper IUCD stops pregooos how

Answer 40

makes the uterus and fallopian tubes produce fluid that kills sperm and prevents implantation of the blastocyst. (prostoglandulins)