Placenta 2

Question 1

3 grades of abnormal placental attachment

Answer 1

placenta acreta
placenta increta
placenta percreta

Question 2

what is Placenta acreta

Answer 2

villi invade decidua but not the myometrium

Question 3

what is Placenta increta:

Answer 3

villi invade myometrium but not the serosa

Question 4

what is placenta percreta

Answer 4

villi invade myometrium and the serosa. It can invade local tissues like bladder wall.

Question 5

most common type of abnormal placental attachment

Answer 5

placenta accreta

Question 6

Sono signs of placental accreta

Answer 6

Loss of the normal hypoechoic retro- placental – myometrial interface
Thinning of disruption of the hyperechoic subvesicular uterine serosa
Diffuse lacunar blood flow throughout the placenta and myometrial site

Question 7

best sono sign for placenta accreta

Answer 7

Multiple vascular lacunae (arrows) within the placenta at 18 weeks’ gestation

Question 8

why is it important to manage placenta accreta

Answer 8

to avoid massive blood loss at delivery

Question 9

what is placental abruption

Answer 9

separation of the placenta prior to the delivery of the fetus.

Question 10

why is placental abruption a big deal

Answer 10

antepartum hemorrhage leads to maternal hypovolemia (decrease in materal blood plasma) leads tp potential mortality

Question 11

what is placental abruption seen as on US

Answer 11

subplacental hematoma between the placenta and uterine wall

Question 12

are Subchorionic hematoma common

Answer 12

yes, can occur anytime but most common in 1st trimester and should resolve

Question 13

how does subchorionic hematoma appear

Answer 13

appears to bulge towards the amniotic cavity due to hematoma between the uterine wall and membrane.
colour may display active bleeding

Question 14

Subchorionic hematoma is known for

Answer 14

threatening abortion.

Question 15

placental hematoma likely caused by

Answer 15

bleeding from fetal vessels and located on the fetal surface of the placenta under chorion.

Question 16

what is Breus mole

Answer 16

term given to a very large subchorionic haemorrhage

Question 17

echogenicity of acute placental hematoma

Answer 17

appears like the placenta, becomes more dark like the myometrium as it resolves

Question 18

indirect sign of presence of placental hematome

Answer 18

placenta thickening (because its the saem echogenicity)

Question 19

increased size of hematoma associated with

Answer 19

increased fetal mortality

Question 20

what is maternal floor infarction

Answer 20

severe early onset fetal growth restriction with features of uteroplacental insufficiency.

Question 21

infarctions >____cm associated with perinatal mortality

Answer 21

> 3cm

Question 22

sono findings of placental infarction

Answer 22

hyperechoic placental mass or placental thickening

Question 23

subchorioic cysts commonly present with

Answer 23

with maternal floor infarction.

Question 24

what is maternal floor infarction caused by

Answer 24

maternal vascular disease

Question 25

most common benign tumour of placenta

Answer 25

chorioangioma

Question 26

appearance of chorioangiomas

Answer 26

solid placental masses bulging towards the fetal surface of the placenta.
hypo or hyper echoic