Fetal Heart Flashcards
(50 cards)
What is a normal fetal HR? (doesn’t say a specific GA)
120-160 or 180 bpm
Which heart chamber is closest to the spine?
LA
Where is the foramen ovale located?
LA
Which valve is closer to the apex of the heart?
Tricuspid
What can a 3VV enable the diagnosis of?
coarctation of the aorta right aortic arch double aortic arch (tetralogy of fallot) absence of a great artery truncus arteriosus transposition of the great arteries
What are 4 findings that are associated with Tetralogy of Fallot?
VSD
misplaced aorta
pulmonary valve stenosis
thickened muscle wall
What is the transposition of the great arteries?
aorta-right ventricle
PA-left ventricle (4-7% of heart defects)
simple transposition can be successfully treated with arterial switch operation within the first week of live
What is truncus arteriosus almost always associated with?
VSD
What is truncus arteriosus?
single trunk supplies both the pulmonary and systemic circulation
does not cause hemodynamic problem in uterus, but is a major problem postnatally (80% death rate in first year)
In the 3VV and trachea view, should the trv aortic arch and ductal arch be similar sizes? If not, which one should be larger?
Same size
Which sagittal view looks like a candy cane?
aortic arch
Which sagittal view looks like a hockey stick?
ductal arch view
ductus arteriosus
What is the leading cause of infant mortality?
congenital heart disease
incidence of 4-13 per 1000 live births
What are indications for a fetal echo? (11)
abnormal heart on screening hydrops polyhydramnios fetal arrhythmia chromosomal anomalies family hx maternal disease (diabeetus) teratogen exposure inc NT monitoring for intrauterine therapy monitoring for persistant tachyarrhytmia, hydrops
What sets the rhythm of the heart?
natural pacemaker of the heart called sinoatrial (or sinus) node
Where is the sinoatrial node located?
wall of RA
When is irregular rhythm most common?
3rd trimester
Most irregular rhythms are due to what?
premature atrial contractions (PAC’s)
Irregular rhythm is the most common arrthymia. True or false
true
Occasional skipped beats can be associated with an increased risk of heart disease. True or false
false
If a fetus has arrhythmia’s, when are they expected to disappear?
spontaneously near term or shortly after birth
Fetal bradycardia is a HR of
<100 bpm (sustained)
Mild bradycardia is transiently observed in the ___ trimester.
2nd
Sustained bradycardia required timely evaluation for a possible _____ ______.
heart block
interference w/ the transfer of the electrical nerve impulses (conduction) that regulates the normal, rhythmic, pumping action of heart muscle
