CORD/ ALL THAT

Question 1

duringweek 4-8 the amnion envelopes to make

Answer 1

body stalk + ductus omphalo-entericus + umbilical coelom

Question 2

ultimately the cord forms from fusion between

Answer 2

the two extra-embryonic mesoderm layers

Question 3

The cord is covered with amnion and the interior contains

Answer 3

wartons jelly

Question 4

what does wartons jelly do

Answer 4

Protects the umbilical vessels from possible mechanical pressure and creasing.

Question 5

very long cord associated with (4)

Answer 5

Asphyxia
Death due to knots
Multiple loops of nuchal cord
Cord prolapse

Question 6

Short cord associated with (2)

Answer 6

aneuploidy, and extreme IUGR.

Question 7

Umbilical coiling is defined as

Answer 7

distance between the same umbilical artery making one turn around the umbilical vein.

Question 8

does umbilical coiling vary with amount of wartons jelly

Answer 8

no

Question 9

Lower degrees of coiling are associated with

Answer 9

lesser degrees of fetal growth

Question 10

In the 2nd & 3rd trimesters, the largest contributor to the size of umbilical cord is associated with

Answer 10

wartons jelly

Question 11

In the 2nd and 3rd trimester thin cord can be seen in

Answer 11

IUGR

Question 12

In the 2nd and 3rd trimester thicker cord can be seen in (5)

Answer 12

Aneuploidy
Diabetes,
Fetal macrosomia,
Placental abruption, 
Rhesus isoimmunization

Question 13

Rhesus Isoimmunization occurs when

Answer 13

mother is Rh-negative and the baby is Rh-positive, the mother produces antibodies (including IgG) against the Rhesus D antigen on her baby’s RBCs.
regarded as insufficient immune tolerance in pregnancy

Question 14

does Rhesus disease get better with more births

Answer 14

no becomes worse with each additional Rh incompatible pregnancy.

Question 15

2 benign tumors of umbilical cord

Answer 15

hemangioma and teratoma

Question 16

hemangiomas occur at what end of the cord

Answer 16

placental end

Question 17

appearance of hemangiomas

Answer 17

Multicystic appearance

may be impossible to differentiate from a teratoma, hematoma or umbilical cord cyst.

Question 18

hemangioma associated with

Answer 18

still birth

Question 19

hemangiomas might be result of

Answer 19

large pseudocysts

Question 20

hemagioma aka

Answer 20

angiomyxomas

Question 21

teratoma appearance

Answer 21

solid with or without cystic areas

Question 22

teratoma contains what tissue

Answer 22

tissue from all three germ cell types

Question 23

absent coiling occurs in __% of the cases

Answer 23

5%

Question 24

absent coiling associated with

Answer 24

single umbilical artery
both marginal and velamentous umbilical cord insertions
multiple gestations
aneuploidy
preterm delivery 
fetal demise

Question 25

some true knots of cord associated with (2)

Answer 25

fetal death or just normal variants

Question 26

where are umbilical cysts most frequently seen

Answer 26

portions closest to the fetus

Question 27

where does umbilical cyst develop from? (2)

Answer 27

allantois and omphalomesenteric duct

Question 28

Pseudo-cysts may develop through _____ giving cord a _______ appearance

Answer 28

through liquefaction of Wharton’s Jelly giving the umbilical cord a hydropic appearance.

Question 29

when are cysts normal

Answer 29

1st trimester

Question 30

if cysts persist in 2nd and 3rd they suggest

Answer 30

chromosomal and/or structural abnormalities

Question 31

when is nuchal cord often seen

Answer 31

2nd or 3rd trimester

Question 32

cause of single umbilical artery (SUA)

Answer 32

congenital

Question 33

absence of the left or right umbilical artery is much more common

Answer 33

left

Question 34

single umbilical artery (SUA) more common in

Answer 34

twins

Question 35

4 associations of single umbilical artery (SUA)

Answer 35

Intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) Aneuploidy Renal abnormalities Cardiac abnormalities