2/20- Heart (Exam 2)

Question 1

What is ausculate or auscultation?

Answer 1

Listening to the sounds of internal organs

Question 2

What does a stethoscope do?

Answer 2

Boosts the sounds of internal organs

Question 3

What are the 2 sounds the heart makes?

Answer 3

Lub Dub

Or

Lup Dup

Question 4

What makes the Lub or Lup sound?

Answer 4

2 atrioventricular valves closing

Question 5

What makes the Dub or Dup sound?

Answer 5

2 semilunar valves closing

Question 6

What is systole?

Answer 6

Contraction of a heart chamber

Question 7

What is diastole?

Answer 7

Relaxation of a heart chamber

Question 8

When talking about systole and diastole what is the order you assume someone is talking about?

Answer 8

1) Left ventricle
2) both ventricles
3) next they have to specify

Question 9

The first sound is associated with systole pushing blood against the valves closing?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

The second sound are the ventricles relaxing to refill and the blood gets sucked back in and valves close is associated with diastole?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

What is a murmur?

Answer 11

Abnormal patterns of blood flow

Abnormal sounds

Question 12

What are the 3 causes for murmurs?

Answer 12

1) defective valves
2) septal defect
3) failure of Ductus Arteriosus to close

Question 13

What are defective valves?

Answer 13

Any valves especially the atrioventricular valve

Valves let blood go back to atrium

Question 14

What is a septal defect?

Answer 14

The inter-ventricular septum or interatrial septum

When the foramen ovale doesn’t close in a fetus

Question 15

What is a foramen ovale?

Answer 15

Hole connecting the atriums

Bypasses right side of the heart and sends blood directly to left side

Some blood goes to the lungs

Question 16

What is the fossa ovales?

Answer 16

Oval shaped

Depression where the foramen ovale closes

Question 17

What happens if the Forman ovale doesn’t close?

Answer 17

Blood will switch between atriums and causes murmurs

Question 18

What is the is the ductus arteriosus?

Answer 18

Hole between pulmonary trunk to aorta bypassing pulmonary circuit

Question 19

What is the ligamentum arteriosus?

Answer 19

Structure left when ductus arteriosus close

Question 20

In the coronary sulcus there are right and left coronary arteries, what do they do?

Answer 20

Right artery- brings oxygenated blood and nutrients to the right side of the heart

Left artery- brings oxygenated blood and nutrients to the left side of the heart

Question 21

What is the coronary sinus?

Answer 21

Where the veins empty on the back of the heart

Enters right atrium

Question 22

Where does the superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus bring blood?

Answer 22

Back into the heart

Question 23

What are the steps of the action potential in cardiac muscle?

Answer 23

1) Na+ in
2) Ca2+ gates open
3) some K+ leaving and Na+ actively being pumped out
4) Ca2+ shut
5) K+ leave quickly

Question 24

What does the extended plateau in the cardia muscle action potential prevent?

Answer 24

1) fibrillation

2) summation and tetanus

Question 25

What is fibrillation?

Answer 25

Random uncoordinated contractions of heart chambers Blood doesn’t get pumped

Question 26

What is atrial fibrillation or A Fib?

Answer 26

Patient is not in immediate danger Not efficiently pumping blood into ventricles Can develop blood clots Use blood thinners to prevent blood clots

Question 27

What is ventricular fibrillation?

Answer 27

Immediately life threatening Blood not being driven to systemic circuit Uses electrical defibrillator to contract heart at once and relaxes at the same time