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A & P 2 LECTURE > 5/5- Reproductive Sytem (Exam 4) > Flashcards

5/5- Reproductive Sytem (Exam 4) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the reproductive system?

A

Responsible for the production of specialized sex cells

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2
Q

What are the specialized sex cells caused?

A

Gametes

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3
Q

What are egg cells called?

A

Ovum (sg)

Ova (pl)

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4
Q

What is a gonad?

A

Sex gland

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6
Q

What is the ovary (sg) or ovaries (pl)?

A

Female sex gland

Where ova is produced

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7
Q

What are seminiferous tubules?

A

Long coil in testes

Where sperm cells form

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8
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

Process of sperm forming

Begins in cells edge

Occurs as moving to lumen

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9
Q

What is going in the lumen?

A

Mature sperm cells

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10
Q

What are Sertoli cells?

A

Help to nourish developing sperm cells as they are growing and aid in their transformation

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11
Q

What are leydig cells or interstitial cells?

A

Cells between seminiferous tubules

Produce testosterone

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12
Q

What are the 3 parts of sperm?

A

1) head
2) body
3) flagellum- long tail

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13
Q

What is an acrosome?

A

Derived from the Golgi apparatus

Contains enzyme that digests it’s way through the layers of the egg

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14
Q

What is a scrotum?

A

Sack outside of body testes live in

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15
Q

What is an epididymis?

A

Contains coiled tubules

Long coiled rube mountain over testes

Sperm needs to stay in here for 18 hrs before it can move on it’s own

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16
Q

Testes + epididymis = ?

A

Testicle

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17
Q

What is a vans deferens or ductus deferens?

A

Brings sperm up from scrotum through abdominal

Leads through higher parts of the male reproductive system

Passes through inguinal canal

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18
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A

Opening in musculature of the body wall

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19
Q

What is severed in a vasectomy?

A

Vas deferens is severed

Irreversible

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20
Q

What is the testicular artery?

A

Bringing fresh blood into the testes

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21
Q

What is the testicular vein?

A

Draining blood out of testes

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22
Q

What are secondary sexual characteristics?

A

Allow you to identify the sex on sight

Not directly involved with reproduction

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23
Q

What is the ampulla in a male?

A

Structure towards end of van deferens

Widens

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24
Q

Seminal vesicle + ampulla forms what?

A

Forms a tube that leads through prostate (beneath bladder)

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25
Q

What is the ejaculatory duct?

A

Passageway running through prostate formed by ampulla and seminal vesicle

Unites with the urethra (prostatic urethra)

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26
What contributes to semen?
Seminal vesicles Prostate Bulbourethra glands or Cowper’s glands
27
What does the seminal vesicle contribute to semen?
Fructose so sperm cells have energy to swim
28
What does the prostate contribute to semen?
Coagulation proteins- makes it feel like Fibrinolysin- causes semen to liquify in 20 mins and breaks down coagulation proteins
29
What does the bulbourethra gland contribute to semen?
Very little Act as preseminal fluid: - act as lubricant during sex - alkaline pH so urethras acidic pH doesn’t kill sperm cells
30
What is emission?
Movement of semen into base of urethra at sexual climax
31
What is ejaculation?
Forcible ejection from three body a few moments after emission Occurs in several waves 3mL or 1 teaspoon of semen produced 150 million spent cells 50 million is infertile
32
What is the penis?
Vascular structure Composed of erectile tissue Urethra is in penis and helps with sperm movement
33
What is corpora cavernosa?
Full with blood during erection 2 cylinders forming penis on top Covered by CT so looks like one structure
34
What is corpus spongiosum?
Cylinder forming penis below Forms glands penis
35
What is glands or glands penis?
Front part of corpus spongiosum expands to form cap like structure
36
What do the parasympathetic nerves do for erection?
Blood vessels dilate Dilation causes erectile cylinders to fill with blood causing them to expand, lengthen and thicken Constrict veins so blood doesn’t leave
37
What are the 4 general phases of sex going in men and women?
1) arousal 2) plateau phase 3) orgasm 4) resolution phase
38
What is arousal?
Erection of penis and clitoris
39
What is the plateau phase?
Occur if sex begins Extended period of time in which there is a maximum engorgement of the sexual structures
40
What is an orgasm?
Male- ejaculates semen Female- vaginal contractions similar to male response
41
Sympathetic nerves are used for?
Emission and ejaculation
42
Parasympathetic nerves are used for?
Erection
43
What is the resolution phase?
Body returns to prearousal conditions Male- refractory period cannot have another orgasm Female- can have multiple orgasms
44
What is the clitoris similar to in a male?
Penis
45
What erectile tissues does the female have?
2 corpora cavernosa
46
What is the vestibule?
Space between Labina minora
47
What is the labina minora?
Inner lips
48
What is the labina majora?
Large outer lips Same as male scrotum 2 smaller folds 1) lamina minora 2) vestibule
49
What are the glands in the vestibule that create mucus like material used for lubrication during sex?
1) paraurethral glands - either side of urethra - similar to male prostate 2) vestibular glands or bartholins glands - equivalent to bulbourethra glands in men
50
What is a vagina?
Tube like structure that receives the penis during sex and forms birth canal during childbirth
51
What is rugae?
Lining in vagina that forms transverse ridges Stimulates the penis Stratified squamous epithelium
52
What is the vaginal orifice?
External opening of vagina Partially blocked by the hymen
53
What is the hymen?
Thin membrane or sheet of tissue that partially blocks the vaginal orifice
54
What is the uterus?
Back of vagina Consists of 3 parts 1) fundus 2) body 3) cervix
55
What is the cervix?
Part of uterus that interfaces with the vagina Only part of uterus that can be seen from the outside Projects into back of vagina
56
What is the fornix?
Crease along the edge of cervix
57
What is the Os?
Small opening of center of cervix “Mouth” of uterus
58
What are the cervical glands?
Produces mucus to block opening of Os
59
When does mucus become watery?
During ovulation and sperm can go through and into uterus
60
What are the Fallopian tubes or uterine tubes or oviducts?
Connected to uterus on both sides
61
What are the finger like structures on the Fallopian tubes called and what do they do?
Fimbriae Grabs egg and through collard action drive it into infundibulum and then up the rest of the tube
62
What is the fimbriae connected to?
Infundibulum
63
What is the infundibulum connected to and what does it do?
Ampulla For viable pregnancy fertilization has to happen here
64
What does the ampulla connect to?
Isthmus Narrow tube
65
How many sperm cells survive to actually teach the Fallopian tubes?
100
66
What is capacitation?
Ejaculation sperm is not fertile Only become fertile when they go in female reproductive tract and stay for 7 hours before they can fertilize anything
67
What are the 2 layers surround the egg?
1) zona pellucida - inner gel like layer 2) corona Radiata - outer layer - left over granulosa cells
68
What happens when the sperm head touched the egg?
They fuse Nucleus of sperm is deposited in egg Membrane of egg changes so no other sperm can get in
69
What are testis (sg) or testes (pl)?
Male gonad

A & P 2 LECTURE (23 decks)

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