3/24- Lympathetic System (Exam 3)

Question 1

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 1

Parallel circulatory system

System of vessels that run next to blood vessels

Carry lymph under low pressure

Question 2

What is lymph?

Answer 2

Fluid CT

Question 3

What are the 4 functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 3

1) returns excess interstitial fluid to venous circulation
2) thus, helps to maintain normal blood pressure
3) lipid transport
4) fights infections

Question 4

Explain function 1

Answer 4

Drain away extra interstitial fluid out of tissue because it builds up and dump into veins

Question 5

Explain function 2

Answer 5

Blood volume drops and person can go into shock

Returning interstitial fluid we maintain the blood volume because it gets emptied into a vein

Question 6

Explain function 3

Answer 6

Lipids enter lymphatic system because too big to enter blood

Fatty acids enter lacteal

Travel in lymph duct through system

Fatty acids get into blood from a larger vessel

Question 7

Explain function 4

Answer 7

Major function

Much of where immune system resides in lymphatic system

Question 8

What are lymphatic vessels?

Answer 8

Carry lymph through the body and dump it into venous system

Question 9

What is the lymphatic capillaries or terminal lymphatics?

Answer 9

Smallest vessels

Branch through the tissues

Originated from blind pockets

Microscopic (larger diameter)

Simple squamous epithelium

• cells overlap each other
• fluid goes through
• fluid gets stuck that try to leave

Question 10

What are lymph ducts?

Answer 10

Large vessels

Beaded appearance because of bulges

Question 11

What does a beaded appearance on the lymph duct mark?

Answer 11

One way valves

Question 12

What is the right lymphatic duct?

Answer 12

Drains lymph from upper right part of body

Right side of:
Face
Neck
Shoulder 
Arm 
Upper right chest

Question 13

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain?

Answer 13

Right subclavian vein

Question 14

What is the thoracic duct?

Answer 14

Drains lymph from the rest of your body

Question 15

Where does the thoracic duct drain?

Answer 15

Left subclavian vein

Question 16

What is the cisterna chyli?

Answer 16

Lymph collecting from lower body

Attached to thoracic duct That dumps into left subclavian vein

Question 17

What are lymphocytes and the 3 kinds?

Answer 17

WBC living in lymphatic system

3 kinds

1) T cells or lymphocytes
2) B cells or lymphocytes
3) NK (natural killers) cells or lymphocytes

Question 18

Where are T cells produced?

Answer 18

Thymus

Question 19

Where are B and NK cells produced?

Answer 19

Red bone marrow

Question 20

What immune defenses are T and B cells involved in?

Answer 20

Specific immune defenses

Question 21

What immune defenses are NK cells involved in?

Answer 21

Non specific immune defenses

Question 22

What are T cells?

Answer 22

Majority of lymphocytes (80%)

Primary players in cell mediated immunity

Question 23

What is cell mediated immunity?

Answer 23

One of your defense cells attack your cells

Question 24

What are the different kinds of T cells?

Answer 24

1) cytotoxic T cells
2) helper T cells
3) Suppressor T cells

Question 25

What are cytotoxic T cells?

Answer 25

Cells that attack other cells in mediated cell immunity

Question 26

What are helper T cells?

Answer 26

Stimulate other T and B cells Into action Activating our immune response

Question 27

What are suppressor T cells?

Answer 27

Inhibit the activity of T and B cells So your immune system doesn’t fight your own body

Question 28

What are B cells?

Answer 28

Transform into plasma cells Involved in antibody mediated immunity

Question 29

What are plasma cells?

Answer 29

Antibody factory Immunoglobulin

Question 30

What is antibody mediated immunity or humoral immunity or humoral response?

Answer 30

Antibodies attack anything in body fluid Even dissolved chemicals

Question 31

What are NK cells?

Answer 31

Non specific defenses Go after tumor cells Immunological surveillance Tumor specific antigen

Question 32

What is immunological surveillance?

Answer 32

Patrol through body and if they encounter foreign cell they attack

Question 33

What is tumor specific antigen?

Answer 33

Oddball chemicals that show up in the membrane of cells in your body when they become tumor cells

Question 34

What is lymphpoieses?

Answer 34

Formation of lymphocytes

Question 35

What are the 2 basic structures in the lymphatic system?

Answer 35

1) lymphatic tissue | 2) lymphoid organs

Question 36

What are lymphatic tissue?

Answer 36

No definitive edge Blend with surrounding tissue Can’t tell where the begin or end Include MALT

Question 37

What is Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT)?

Answer 37

Take form of Nodule in CT Example is your tonsils

Question 38

What is a nodule?

Answer 38

Tons of WBC in CT

Question 39

What are the 3 kinds of tonsils?

Answer 39

1) pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids 2) palatine tonsils - back of roof of mouth - pair of them (right and left) 3) lingual tonsils - back of tongue - pair of them (right and left) Loaded with WBC and activates specific defenses

Question 41

What is a hilus?

Answer 41

Depression in lymph node

Question 42

What are the afferent lymph ducts?

Answer 42

Bring lymph in Ducts entering lymph node

Question 43

What is the efferent lymph duct?

Answer 43

Lymph duct leaving lymph node Take lymph out

Question 44

What is lymphadenopathy or adenopathy?

Answer 44

Lymph node swells if a lot are needed to fight off infection

Question 45

What is the thymus?

Answer 45

2 parts: 1) cortex 2) medulla In mediastinum Pink and grainy Bottom of neck to top of heart Shrinks as you get older T cells produced

Question 46

What is the cortex of the thymus?

Answer 46

Outer layer Lymphocytes become T cells

Question 47

What is the medulla of the thymus?

Answer 47

Inner layer T cells migrate here when they mature Leave thymus

Question 48

What are the hormones the thymus produces?

Answer 48

Thymosins

Question 49

What is are the 3 functions of the spleen?

Answer 49

1) filter of blood to remove old RBC 2) store iron from hemoglobin 3) start specific immune responses Adults contains largest collection of lymphatic tissue

Question 50

What is the tissue of the spleen called and the 2 kinds and explain them

Answer 50

Pulp 1) red pulp- iron is stored 2) white pulp- filters blood removing invaders and starts immune responses

Question 51

Where is the spleen located?

Answer 51

Left hand side of body High up of abdominal cavity

Question 52

What is the artery and vein of the spleen called?

Answer 52

Splenic Arter- part of celiac trunk Splenic Vein- part of hepatic portal system

Question 80

What is a lymph node?

Answer 80

Hilus Afferent and efferent lymph ducts Filter the lymph 1-25 (1 in) Connected to lymph ducts