2/7/17 SMITH Antimicrobial III TEST #2 Flashcards by Cutler Frandsen

What does chloramphenicol inhibit?

-50 S peptidyltransferase

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In the broad spectrum of Chloramphenicol is it bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

-Bacteriostatic except H. influenze (bacterocidal)

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What drug is restricted to life threatening infections of H. influenzae, bacteriodes, Rickettsia (spotted and typhoid fever) and miningitis?

-Chloramphenicol

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If you have serious infections where penicillin can’t be used due to allergy that involves meningitis what drug would you use?

-Chloramphenicol

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T/F Chloramphenicol can cross the Blood brain barrier?

-True

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What drug has adverse effects of hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia (fatal) teratogenic, and causes Gray Baby Syndrome in premature infants?

-Chloramphenicol

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T/F Clindamycin (lincosamides) are antagonistic if co-administered with macrolides

True

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What is the spectrum of clindamycin?

-Infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and non-enterococcal Gram + cocci

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Does clindamycin have gram - activity?

-No

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Is clindamycin bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

-Bacteriostatic

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What is an adverse effect of clindamycin?

-Psudomembranous colitis (C. difficile)

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What are the clinical uses for clindamycin?

Bone and joint infections
Anaerboes above the diaphragm
Gram + microbes

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If someone is pregnant should you give them chloramphenicol?

-No

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For patients with anaerobic aspiration pneumonia what my be prescribed orally for months as an outpatient therapy?

-Clindamycin

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What is the mechanism of Linezolid?

-Binds to 50 S subunit to prevent formation of ribosomal complex

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What is Linezolid bactericidal against?

-Streptococci

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What is Linezolid bacteriostatic against?

Enterococci

- Staphylcocci

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If you are treating someone with vancomycin-resistant E. faecium what should you use?

-Linezolid

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What can you treat Psudomembranous colitis with?

Vancomycin

- Metronidazole

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If you have nosocomial pneumonia (both meth-susceptible and MRSA) what drug should you use to treat?

-Linezolid

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If you have community acquired pneumonia (S. pneumonia) and complicated skin infections caused by Strep. Staph, and MRSA what protein synthesis drug should you use?

-Linezolid

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What are the three main side effects of linezolid?

Bone marrow suppression
Reversible neurotoxicity
Serotonin syndrome

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What is the mechanism of action of Quinuprostin/Dalfopristin (streptogramins)?

-Bind to 50 S subunit

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Is streptogramins bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic?

-Bacteriostatic

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What drug is reserved for serious infections by multi-drug resistant gram + organisms such as a bacteremia with VRE, enterococcus faecium, and complicated skin infections caused by MRSA?

-Auinuprostin/Dalfopristin (streptogramins)

What is the mechanism of Mupirocin (Bactroban)?

-Reversibly inhibit isoleucyl transfer RNA synthetase enzyme which inhibits protein transaction

What is the only t-RNA synthetase inhibitor?

-Mupirocin (Bactroban)

How is Mupirocin applied?

-Topically, but only small areas at a time

T/F Mupirocin is useful against methicillin-resistant staph aureus (MRSA and meth -resistant S. pyogenes skin lesions

True

What two topoisomerases are necessary for bacterial DNA replication to occur properly?

- Topoisomerase II | - Topoisomerase IV

T/F In prokaryotes Transcription and translation are coupled

True

What in DNA replication affects the degree of supercoiling of the bacterial chromosome?

-DNA Gyrase

What in DNA replication unwinds DNA and breaks hydrogen bonds between base pairs?

-Helicase

What DNA polymerase attaches nucleotides in a 5' to 3' direction?

-DNA pol III

What type of DNA polymerase removes RNA primers and forms Okasaki fragments?

-DNA pol I

What in DNA replication facilitates bacterial cell division by unlinking DNA following DNA replication?

-Topoisomerase IV

What is another name for DNA gyrase?

-Topoisomerase II

Which enzymes are the target of fluoroquinolones?

- DNA gyrase (Topo II) | - TOPO IV

Quinolones/fluoroquinolones are bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

-Bactericidal

Are quinolones/fluoroquinolones broad or narrow spectrum?

-Broad-spectrum

What is a 2nd generation of quinolones/fluoroquinolones?

-Ciprofloxacin

On gram + microbes what is the primary target for quinolones?

-TOPO IV

On gram - microbes what is the primary target for quinolones?

-DNA gyrase

The first generation of quinolones only effects what gram type of bacteria?

-Gram -

What is the drug of choice for prophylaxis treatment of Anthrax?

-Ciprofloxacin

What is the best quinolone for treating psudomonas?

-Ciprofloxacin

What is a great drug choice for treating traveller's diarrhea?

-Ciprofloxacin

If you uncomplicated UTI's what drug is typically used?

-Ciprofloxacin

What is a 3rd generation quinolone?

- Levofloxacin | - Oxfloxacin

What is a 4th generation quinolone?

-Moxifloxacin

What is the best respiratory flouroquinolone?

-Moxifloxacin

What is a good alternative for Strep pneumoniae or H. influenzae for respiratory infections when resistant to beta-lactams?

-Levofloxacin

What is the only 3rd generation quinolone that can penetrate the CNS?

-Oxfloxacin

T/F Moxifloxacin has great activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa activity

False | -Poor activity

What type of drug does Al+ and Mg+ antacids or dietary supplements with divalents (Zn++ or Fe++) which will interfere with oral adsorption?

-Fluoroquinolones

What is the most common cause of C. difficile superinfection?

-Ciprofloxacin

If you give ciprofloxacin to a patient with epilepsy what can occur?

-Cause seizures

T/F Ciprofloxacin interferes with the metabolism of theophylline inhalers (asthma) and can produce toxic doses that may provoke seizures

True

T/F Prolongation of the AT interval could be a side effect of Moxifloxacin

true

What are three non-quinolone drugs that disrupt nucleic acid synthesis?

- Metronidazole - Rifampin - Nitrofurantoin

What is the mechanism of Metronidazole?

-Inhibit DNA replication

What is the drug of choice for diarrhea due to superinfection with C. difficile (pseudomembranous colitis)?

-Metronidzaloe

What is the drug of choice for tetanus?

-Metronidazole (flagyl)

T/F It is ok to take metronidazole with alcohol

False DO NOT take with alcohol

What is the mechanism of Rifampin?

-Inhibit DNA-dependent bacterial RNA polymerase

What drug must you warn patients that it will turn urine, sweat, and tears a red-orange color?

-Rifampin

What is the mechanisms of action of Nitrofurantoin?

-Highly reactive intermediates that attack bacterial macromolecules

What drug do you use for the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs and prophylaxis against UTIs in people prone to recurrent UTIs?

-Nitrofuranotin

What drug is absorbed from intestine into urine at 90%?

-Nitrofuranotin

T/F Tissue penetration of nitrofurantoin outside urinary tract is negligible

True

2/7/17 SMITH Antimicrobial III TEST #2 Flashcards

(70 cards)