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Host and Defense 2020 > 4/4/17 Anaerobes and Biofilms BUXTON TEST #3 > Flashcards

4/4/17 Anaerobes and Biofilms BUXTON TEST #3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are organisms that do not require oxygen for life and reproduction?

A

-Anaerobes

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2
Q

What type of organisms growth is directly impaired due to the presence of oxygen?

A

-Obligate Anerobes

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3
Q

T/F Many obligate anaerobes lack protective enzymes such as superoxide dismutases and peroxidases.

A

True

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4
Q

What type of biproducts do anaerobes make?

A

-Volatile and foul-smelling metabolic byproducts

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5
Q

What type of bacterial species are notorious in the environment due to survival of their spores?

A

-Clostridium (exogenous species)

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6
Q

When you think of environmental or exogenous species what are the main ones you think of?

A

-Clostridium

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7
Q

Endogenous species are mostly what type of organisms?

A

-Anerobic

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8
Q

Anaerobic infections, including many clostridia are seeded from what normal endogenous flora locations?

A
  • Mouth,
  • Vagina,
  • Bowel,
  • Skin (deep in pores)
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9
Q

What part of the endogenous flora location do you find Fusobacterium?

A

-Oral

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10
Q

What part of the endogenous flora location do you find Propionibacterium?

A

-Skin

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11
Q

What part of the endogenous flora location do you find Lactobacillus?

A

-Vagina

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12
Q

What part of the endogenous flora location do you find Bacteroides fragilis?

A

-Colon

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13
Q

What part of the endogenous flor location do you find Bacteroides sp.

A

-Colon

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14
Q

What part of the endogenous flora do you find Prevotella bivia?

A

-Vagina

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15
Q

What part of the endogenous flora do you find Veilonella?

A

-Oral

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16
Q

What part of the endogenous flora do you find actinomyces?

A

-Oral

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17
Q

What part of the endogenous flor do you find Porphyromonas and Prevotella?

A

-Oral

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18
Q

If you do a blood culture and find actinomyces as the main bacteria where might you look for the wound?

A

-Orally

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19
Q

Trauma allows anaerobes of the indegenous microflora or soil to gain acess where?

A

-Deeper tissues

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20
Q

What are four predispsoing factors that can lead to anaerobic colonies?

A
  • Trauma to mucous membranes or skin
  • Vascular stasis
  • Tissue necrosis
  • Decrease of redox potential
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21
Q

T/F Anaerobes generally require shorter incubation periods in the laboratory

A

False

-Longer incubation

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22
Q

T/F Anaerobic infections are usually isolated colonies

A

False

-They are usually mised

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23
Q

What is unique about Clostridium species?

A

-They are spore forming gram-positive rods

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24
Q

What species of clostridium causes tetanus?

A

C. tetani

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25
What species of Clostridium causes Gas gangrene?
-C. Perfringenes
26
What is the gram stain of Actinomyces (burrowing animals)?
-non-spore forming gram + rod
27
What organisms causes chronic, granulomatous, infectious disease with sinus tracts and fistulae, which erupt to the surface and drain pus containing "sulfur granules"?
-Actinomyces
28
What is the gram stain of Propionibacterium?
-non-spore forming gram + rods
29
What non-spore forming gram + rod lives on your skin and respiratory flora?
-Propionibacterium
30
What type of non-spore forming gram + rod is found in acne pustules?
-Propionibacterium
31
What is the gram stain of Mobiluncus?
-Non-spore forming gram + rod
32
What is the gram stain of Peptostreoptococcus?
-Gram + cocci
33
What organism is usually found in abscess in the brain or lungs that arise from misplaced oral flora?
-Peptostreptococcus
34
What is the gram stain of Veilonella species?
-Gram - cocci
35
What organism accounts for about 70% of clinically significant anaerobic bacteremias?
-Bacteroides
36
What are three treatment options for anaerobic infections?
- Create an environment in which anaerobes cannot proliferate - Arrest the spread of anaerobes via antimicrobials - Neutralize toxins
37
T/F Biofilm surface can be abiotic or living tissue
True
38
What stage of the biofilm formation occurs within seconds?
-Attachment
39
What stage of the biofilm formation occurs within minutes?
-Irreversible binding
40
Cells are sessile in what biofilm formation stage?
-Irreversible binding
41
What are the two types of cells you find in biofilms?
- Planktonic | - Sessile
42
What traps planktonic bacteria in biofilm formations?
-EPS
43
What stage of the biofilm formation occurs in days?
-Thickness/maturation-2
44
What stage of the biofilm formation occurs within several days?
-Dispersion
45
What are the three layers to mature biofilms?
- Outer - Intermediate - Innermost
46
Which layer of the mature biofilm has the most exposure to nutrients?
-Outer
47
Which layer of the mature biofilms has the metabolisms that is down-regulated, but still using nutrients and exchanging genes?
-Intermediate
48
Which layer of the mature biofilm contains persisiter cells?
-Innermost
49
Which layer of the mature biofilm is the most active?
-Outer
50
Which layer of the mature biofilm is the earliest and least active?
-Innermost
51
What cell type in a biofilm is free living?
-Planktonic
52
Which cell type in a biofilm is attached and participating in the biofilm community?
-Sessile
53
What cell type in biofilms are metabolically inert and present in all biofilms?
-Persister
54
What cell type in biofilms resist environmental stress, including antibiotics?
-Persister
55
What cell type in biofilms are possibly able to disable apoptosis?
-Persister
56
T/F Biofilms provide a physical barrier to your immune system
True
57
What are the primary colonizers on dental biofilm formation?
- Strep mutans - Actinomyces - EPS - Pili and adhesion molecules
58
What are the bridge bacteria involved in dental biofilm?
-Fusobacterium
59
What are the late colonizers involved in dental biofilm?
- Strep salivarius - Proponibacterium - Prevotella - Veillonella - Selenomonas
60
What gram stain of organisms are usually found in the oral cavity with good oral hygiene?
-Gram +
61
If plaque remains undisturbed on teeth for several days what gram stain of organisms will you find in the oral cavity?
- Facultative gram - bacilli | - Spirochetes
62
What are four main pathogens found in patients with poor oral hygiene?
- P. gingivalis - B. Forsythia - A. actinomycetemcomitans - T. denticola
63
What do the main pathogens found in patients with poor oral hygiene cause?
-Gingivitis
64
What type of spread occurs with dental bacteria?
-Hematogenous spread
65
Where can the hematogenous spread of dental bacteria go?
- Heart valves | - Prosthetic joints

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