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Host and Defense 2020 > 3/30/17 TEST #3 B cell-mediated immunity GERMAN > Flashcards

3/30/17 TEST #3 B cell-mediated immunity GERMAN Flashcards

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1
Q 
If you can not form T cell immune synapses, which of the following immune functions would you anticipate to be disrupted?
A) T cell activation
B) B cell activation
C) CD8 T cell targeting
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
A
  • D) All of the above

- Because the B cell is activated by TFH cells and the others are T cells that need immune synapses to be activated

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2
Q

After you have positive selection with B cells what are the next three steps of B cells?

A
  • Search for infection
  • Finding infection
  • Attacking infection
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3
Q

Where in the body to B cells find infection and become activated?

A

-Secondary lymphoid tissues

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4
Q

What two types of effector cells do B cells become?

A
  • Memory Cells

- Plasma cells

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5
Q

B cells mature within and migrate through what types of tissues?

A

-Secondary lymphoid tissues

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6
Q

B cells are presented antigen where?

A

-In lymph nodes

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7
Q

What do the follicular dendritic cells and the macrophages do with intact antigens?

A

-Capture them and present them in the B cell areas in the lymphoid tissue

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8
Q

What does activation of B cells drive?

A

-Clonal expansion
-Class switching
-Somatic hypermutation
(These processes require T cells)

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9
Q

What presents antigen to B cells coming into the lymphoid tissue?

A
  • Macrophages

- Follicular Dendritic cells

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10
Q

What are stromal cells involved in B cell development and activation?

A

-Follicular dendritic cells

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11
Q

Do follicular dendritic cells have phagocytic activity?

A

-No

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12
Q

How do follicular dendritic cells accumulate antigens?

A

-Via complement receptors

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13
Q

What are the two antigen types that can activate B cells?

A
  • Thymus-dependent antigen

- Thymus-independent antigen

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14
Q

What three things are involved with thymus-dependent antigens to activate B cells?

A
  • Protein
  • Protein associated antigen
  • TFH cell interaction required
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15
Q

What two things are involved with thymus-independent antigen to activate B cells?

A
  • PRR-detected antigen

- Complement-bound antigen

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16
Q

What are three signals needed for B cell activation?

A
  • Antibody Crosslinking
  • Co-receptor signaling
  • Cytokines
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17
Q

What does antibody crosslinking do for B cells?

A

-Activation

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18
Q

What does co-receptor signaling do for B cells?

A

-Survival and proliferation

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19
Q

What do cytokines do for B cells in activation?

A
  • Differentiation
  • Class switching
  • SHM (Somatic Hypermutation)
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20
Q

What does crosslinking of B cells involve?

A
  • B cell receptor

- Antigen

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21
Q

How does the B cell know that the antibody is bound to an antigen?

A
  • You get clustering and aggregation
  • Iga and Igbeta signaling
  • ITAM phosphorylation and signal recruitment
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22
Q

How does the B cell ensure that the antigen is pathogenic?

A
  • Co-receptors
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23
Q

What prevents anergy in B cells?

A

-Co-receptor signaling

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24
Q

What allows the B cell to distinguish between foreign or self antigen?

A

-Co-receptor signaling

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25
If a B cell binds a pathogen but doesn't bind a co-receptor signal what type of pathogen is it?
-Self antigen
26
What initiates clonal expansion for B cells?
-Co-receptor signaling
27
What are B cell co-receptor complex molecules?
- CR2 - CD19 - CD81 - Complement
28
What cells are the most common source of cytokines during B cell activation?
-TFH
29
What provides signals in the absence of T cell-mediated activation?
-Local cytokines
30
What does somatic hypermutation due for antibodies?
-Increase antibody speficficity
31
Once B cells are differentiated what do they become?
- Plasma cells | - Memory B cells
32
What drives B cells activation, proliferation, enhanced specificity, and differentiation into plasma and memory cells?
-TFH
33
TFH activation of B cells typically yields a larger population of what types of cels?
- Plasma cells | - Memory B cells
34
What does CD40 induce for B cells?
-Survival and proliferation
35
Where does isotype switching primarily occur at?
-Germinal centers
36
T/F B cells can present antigen to TFH cells
True
37
What type of antibody does the cognate pair form during the primary focus?
-IgM (To prevent pathogens from moving systemically)
38
When cognate pairs move to the secondary focus what do they form?
-Germinal centers
39
Does primary or secondary focus allow class switching and somatic hypermutation?
-Secondary focus
40
What do cognate pairs first form?
-Centroblasts
41
What do centroblasts create?
-Centrocytes
42
Do centroblasts or centrocytes do class switching?
-Centroblasts
43
Do centroblasts or centrocytes form the light zone in germinal centers?
-Centrocytes
44
T/F Both centroblasts and centrocytes can do somatic hypermutation
False | -Only centroblasts
45
What improves antibody specificity ?
-Class switching and Somatic hypermutation
46
What antibody regions changes in class switching?
-Fc region of heavy chain
47
T/F Class switching is cytokine induced
True
48
T/F Somatic hypermutation produces new epitope binding regions
True
49
What increases antibody affinity?
-Somatic Hypermutation
50
What do follicular dendritic cells select for?
-High-affinity centrocytes
51
What have centrocytes undergone?
-First round of somatic hypermutation
52
Only centrocytes that bind what can bind TFH cells?
-FDC (follicular dendritic cells)
53
What are FDC-bound centrocytes bound by?
-TFH cells
54
WHEN FDC bound centrocytes are bound by TFH cells you will get a survival signal and have the selection of centrocytes with the highest what?
-Antibody affinity
55
Once a B cell goes from a centrocyte it can become a plasma cell or a memory cells, once it becomes a plasma cell can it class switch?
-No
56
When you have a B cell activation it requires three signals, what are they?
- IgD antigen binding - Co-receptor signaling - Cytokine
57
Thymus independent activation of B cells leads to what type of cells?
-Plasma cells
58
What is the cognate pair?
-B and TFH cell
59
Where does the primary focus of the cognate pair occur ?
-Medulla to release IgM plasma cells
60
What step of B cell activation deals with FDC selection, Proliferation, and Differentiation?
-Centrocytes
61
What three antibodies deal with internal tissues?
- IgM - IgG - IgA
62
What antibody deals with mucosal surfaces?
-IgA
63
What antibody deals with parasite immunity?
-IgE
64
What antibody deals with B cell receptors?
-IgD
65
What type of receptors bind antibodies and provide adaptive specificity to innate cells?
-Fc Receptors
66
Fc receptors allow adaptive immunity to enhance what cells specificity and function?
-Innate immune cell
67
T/F Fc Receptors often require dimerization
True
68
What facilitates IgG transport into tissues?
-Fc Receptors
69
What does trancytosis of IgA protect?
-Mucosal surfaces
70
What do neutralizing antibodies prevent?
-Pathogen Establishment
71
What are two neutralizing antibodies?
- IgA | - IgG
72
What clears agglutinized antigens?
-Erythrocytes
73
What does opsonization lead to?
-Phagocytosis
74
What three cells does IgE make competent?
- Basophils - Mast cells - Eosinophils
75
What two antibodies initiate the complement classical pathway?
- IgM | - IgG
76
T/F Antibodies provide passive immunity during development
True
77
What antibody is involved in passive immunity during gestation?
-IgG
78
What antibody protects infant mucosal surfaces?
-IgA

Host and Defense 2020 (61 decks)

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