Bacteriology: 1/12/17 Mulvey TEST #1

Question 1

What shape of bacteria is spherical?

Answer 1

-Cocci

Question 2

What shape of bacteria is rods?

Answer 2

-Bacilli

Question 3

What shape of bacteria is comma-shaped, S-shaped, or spiral shaped?

Answer 3

-Spiral forms

Question 4

What shape of bacteria is indistinct?

Answer 4

-Pleomorphic

Question 5

What is an example of diplococcis bacteria?

Answer 5

• Neisseria

- Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 6

What is an example of streptococci bacteria?

Answer 6

-Sterptococci

Question 7

What is an example of a tetrad bacteria?

Answer 7

-Micrococcus luteus

Question 8

What is an example of sarcinae bacteria?

Answer 8

-Sacina

Question 9

What is an example of a staphylococci bacteria?

Answer 9

-Staphylococcus aureus

Question 10

What type of bacteria is a whooping cough agent?

Answer 10

-coccobacillus (Bordetella pertussis)

Question 11

What type of bacteria gives rat bite fever (sodoku)?

Answer 11

-Spirilium (Spirillum sp.)

Question 12

What type of bacteria causes lyme disease?

Answer 12

-Spirochete

Question 13

What type of chromosomes do bacteria usually have?

Answer 13

-Single circular chromosomes that are haploid

Question 14

T/F

Bacteria may have plasmids

Answer 14

True

Question 15

T/F

Bacteria have internal organelles and a nucleus.

Answer 15

False they have neither

Question 16

What type of ribosomes do bacteria have?

Answer 16

70S

Question 17

What is the mode of replication of bacteria?

Answer 17

-Binary fission

Question 18

What is the preparation phase of growing bacteria?

Answer 18

-Lag phase

Question 19

What is the actual growing phase of bacteria?

Answer 19

-Log phase (exponential)

Question 20

What is the phase where bacteria have used all their resources?

Answer 20

-Stationary phase

Question 21

What are three places that biofilms can form?

Answer 21

• Environment
• Medical devices
• Body surfaces

Question 22

T/F

Bacteria in bioflims are often refractory to antibiotic treatments and protected from host defenses.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is biofilm development often regulated by?

Answer 23

-Quorum sensin

Question 24

What do gram + cell walls have?

Answer 24

-Thick layer of peptidoglycan

Question 25

What do gram - cell walls have?

Answer 25

-Thin layer of peptidoglycan with two cell wall membranes

Question 26

What type of bacteria has no cell wall?

Answer 26

-Mycoplasm

Question 27

What types of bacteria are acid-fast bacteria?

Answer 27

- Mycobacteria | - Nocardia

Question 28

What are three functions of the bacterial cell wall?

Answer 28

- cell shape - control influx and efflux of material - protect against osmotic lysis

Question 29

What does lysozyme and many antibiotics target in bacteria?

Answer 29

-Cell wall

Question 30

How are bacteria recognized by the innate and adaptive immune systems?

Answer 30

-ligands on the cell wall

Question 31

What is embedded in the peptidoglycan layers in a gram + cell membrane?

Answer 31

- Teichoic acid | - lipoteichoic acid

Question 32

T/F | Lipoteichoic acids are unique to gram + bacteria

Answer 32

True

Question 33

If peptidoglycan is bound but what two things can it stimulate an inflammatory response?

Answer 33

- PRR (Pattern Recognition Receptor) | - (TLR2) Toll like receptor 2

Question 34

What are peptidoglycan structures cleaved by?

Answer 34

-Lysozyme

Question 35

What anchors the peptidoglycan layer of gram - bacteria to the outer membrane?

Answer 35

-Lipoprotein

Question 36

What is the outside side of the outer membrane of gram - bacteria made of?

Answer 36

-LPS

Question 37

Why is the Lipid A portion of LPS important?

Answer 37

-It is bound by a PRR (TLR4) and stimulates an inflammatory response

Question 38

What do ureaplasma and mycoplasma require to stabilize its cell membrane?

Answer 38

-Sterols

Question 39

If you treated the mycoplasma bacteria with something that targets the peptidoglycan layer what would happen?

Answer 39

-The mycoplasma would be resistance

Question 40

Where do you find the electron transport chains in bacteria?

Answer 40

-Cell wall

Question 41

What is a phototroph?

Answer 41

-Use light to generate energy

Question 42

What is an autotroph?

Answer 42

-Use chemicals to generate energy

Question 43

What is a hetertroph?

Answer 43

-Use organ (carbon) sources

Question 44

Most medically important bacteria are what?

Answer 44

-Chemoheterotrophs

Question 45

What are gram - obligate aerobes?

Answer 45

- Neisseria - Pseudomonas - Bordetella - Legionella - Brucella

Question 46

Microaerophilic does not have any electron transport systems but they do have what that allows them to tolerate some oxygen?

Answer 46

-Superoxide Dismutase

Question 47

What is a gram + microaerophilic bacteria?

Answer 47

-Streptococcus

Question 48

What type of gram - secretion systems deliver proteins like toxins, siderophores to the extracellular environment?

Answer 48

- Type I - Type II - Type V

Question 49

What type of gram - secretion systems can inject factors directly into target host cells?

Answer 49

- Type III - Type IV - Type VI - Type VII

Question 50

What promotes bacteria dissemination within host environments and facilitates chemotaxis towards or away from specific stimuli?

Answer 50

-Bacterial Flagella

Question 51

What makes bacterial flagella highly antigenic?

Answer 51

-H antigen

Question 52

What is peritrichous flagella?

Answer 52

-Flagella located evenly around the bacterium

Question 53

What is monotrichous flagella?

Answer 53

-One flagella at the end of the bacterium

Question 54

What is lophotrichous flagella?

Answer 54

-Multiple flagella at one end of the bacterium

Question 55

What is amphitrichous flagella?

Answer 55

-One flagella at each end of the bacterium

Question 56

T/F | Flagella can be present with the periplasmic space

Answer 56

True

Question 57

What are bacterial adhesion proteins often associated with?

Answer 57

-Hair like fibers called pili or fimbriae

Question 58

Type IV pili are implicated in what?

Answer 58

- Conjugation - DNA binding/uptake - motility

Question 59

What are capsules?

Answer 59

-Layers of polysaccharide associated with the bacterial surface

Question 60

What are the antibodies specific for capsule?

Answer 60

-K antigen