[2] Biological Basis of Behavior [Vision Perception]

Question 1

Retina

Answer 1

The light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptors (rods and cones).

Question 2

Blind spot

Answer 2

The area on the retina where the optic nerve exits the eye, and no photoreceptors are present.

Question 3

Visual nerve

Answer 3

The optic nerve carries visual information from the retina to the brain for processing.

Question 4

Lens

Answer 4

The transparent structure in the eye that focuses light onto the retina.

Question 5

Accommodation

Answer 5

The process by which the lens changes shape to focus on objects at varying distances.

Question 6

Nearsightedness (myopia)

Answer 6

A condition where nearby objects are seen clearly, but distant objects are blurry.

Question 7

Farsightedness (hyperopia)

Answer 7

A condition where distant objects are seen clearly, but close objects are blurry.

Question 8

Photoreceptors

Answer 8

Specialized cells in the retina that detect light; includes rods and cones.

Question 9

Rods

Answer 9

Photoreceptors that detect light and dark and are responsible for peripheral and night vision.

Question 10

Cones (blue, green, red)

Answer 10

Photoreceptors that detect color and are concentrated in the central part of the retina.

Question 11

Trichromatic theory

Answer 11

The theory that color vision is based on the activity of three types of cones, each sensitive to red, green, or blue light.

Question 12

Opponent-process theory

Answer 12

The theory that color perception is controlled by three opposing pairs: red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white.

Question 13

Fovea

Answer 13

The small central area of the retina that contains the highest concentration of cones and is responsible for sharp central vision.

Question 14

Afterimages

Answer 14

Visual sensations that persist after the original stimulus has been removed.

Question 15

Ganglion cells

Answer 15

The cells in the retina that transmit visual information from photoreceptors to the brain via the optic nerve.

Question 16

Dichromatism

Answer 16

A type of color blindness where an individual can only perceive two of the three primary colors.

Question 17

Monochromatism

Answer 17

A rare form of color blindness where an individual cannot perceive color at all and sees the world in shades of gray.

Question 18

Prosopagnosia

Answer 18

A condition where an individual is unable to recognize faces, despite normal vision.

Question 19

Blindsight

Answer 19

A phenomenon where individuals with damage to the visual cortex can respond to visual stimuli without consciously perceiving them.