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Micro Exam 3 > 2: Immunology Part 2 > Flashcards

2: Immunology Part 2 Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Histoplasmosis capsulatum

A

fungal respiratory illness in Ohio River Valley

spread in feces of bats and small birds

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2
Q

antimicrobial peptides

A

small peptides secreted by HOST epitehilal cells
like antibiotics: can kill microbes or inhibit growth
normal flora and pathogens tend to be resistant
mostly in mucus
CAMP

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3
Q

CAMP

A 
Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide
antimicrobial peptide type
Positively charged resideues
plant and animals dont have charges on outside part of membranes
bacteria have NEG charge outside
so camps bind here and lyse bacteria
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4
Q

how CAMPs work

A

shape causes bending of bacterial membrande until contents fly out

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5
Q

another antimicrobial peptide type

A

differences in cholesterol

some microbial peptides are inhibited by bacter bc we have it and bacteria dont

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6
Q

Complement Cascade

A

30 proteins made by liver and secreted into sera (all fluids but mucus)
found out that if WBCs were remove, there was still something in the sera that could kill bacteria

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7
Q

3 functions of complement cascade

A

osponization
cytolysis
inflammation

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8
Q

features of complement cascade

A 
immune peptides
non-adaptive
circulates in blood 
reacts iwth common components of microbes
produced by liver
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9
Q

osponization

A

endocytosis that is facillitead

decorate bacteria with complement proteins so phagocyte can grab and eat it

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10
Q

inflammation

A

create a gradient immune cells follow to site of infection

peptides diffuse away and recruit immun cells

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11
Q

cytolysis

A

nonspecific
MAC attack
cytolysis on any neighboring cells…host or pathogen, cant differentiate
form pores in the membrane and kill cells
Proteins on our cells reduce MAC attack, so few of our cells are actually killed

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12
Q

C3

A

central controlling protein of complement cascade

multiple ways to turn it on, once its on… osponization, cytloysis and inflammation. ALWAYS ALL THREE

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13
Q

proenzyme

A

innactive form of enzyme
can be activated by modification
COMPLEMENT PROTEINS

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14
Q

most complement proteins activated by…

A

proteolysis (cleavage)

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15
Q

proteolysis

A

cleavage

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16
Q

C3B

A

coat cell surface (osponization ) and cleavage of C5

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17
Q

C3A

A

diffuse of site of bacteria. Inflammation

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18
Q

amplification of signal

A

one activation of C3b can turn on lots of C5s…
C5b activates lots of C6
lots of MAC attack

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19
Q

Classical Pathway

A

antibody clustering
activation of C1… protelysis of C2 and C4
they form C2aC4b complex… which activates C3

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20
Q

Classical Pathway chekcs

A

need lots of antibodies clustering and bound to epitope

signal goes through 2 proteins… need high enough and equal concs of C2 and C4 to makes sure its stable

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21
Q

Classical Pathway requires…

Study These Flashcards
A

an adaptive response

ANTIBODY

22
Q

Alternate Pathway

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A

innate protein binds to things found on just microbes

23
Q

Alternate Pathway checks

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A

need all 3 factors: B, D, and P bound at same time in close proximity
clustering and reinforcement of signal like in classical

24
Q

Lectin Pathway

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A

lectin is a protein floating in blood that binds to bacterial surfaces
enough binding activates C2 and C4

25
Lectin Pathway checks
need lots of mannose on surface for lectin bind bind a lot of lectin not as many checks as other
26
inflammation by complement
2 diffusable peptides from C3: C3a and C5a both turn on mast cells (which release lots of pro-inflammatory cytokines-histamines) C5a also attracts phagocytes and neutrophils
27
Interferon and Proeasome
secreted peptide, signalling moelc transcription activated in response to intracellular pathogens released by cells that have been infected by virus to change neighbor cells to make them more resistant inc antigen presentation inc proteasome activity
28
why inc proteasome activity
proteasome becomes more active and chews up more stuff | effeciancy of virus decerased bc proteins go to proteosome and get degraded.
29
Phagocytic cells
monocytes--> macrophages dendritic cells neutrophils
30
cells that induce apoptosis
natural killer cells
31
secretion cells
basophils eosinophils mast cells
32
granulocytes
basophils | eosinophils
33
mast cells
send out histamine | recurit other cells
34
cells that respond to kill large parasites (exclusively)
basophils eosinophils mast cells and macrophages?
35
cells for adaptive immunity
T and B
36
where do all these cells come from
bone marrow
37
wht decides specilization
cytokines in blood | due to normal flora and diseases present at time f division
38
antibacterial cells
macrophage dendritic cells neutrophils
39
neutrophils
pus phagocytosis and destroy bacteria grannules are super strong lysosomes for bact. digestion produce reactive oxygen molecs (kill bacteria, damage nearby tissue... bad smell of pus) most common WBC, least complex
40
macrophage
endycotise and kill bact control responses... release cytokines to control other cells present antigens locally to T cells to decide weather major or minor infection secretes cytolytic compounds kills everything... Godzilla responds to bacteria AND parasites
41
Dendritic Cells
similar to macrophages Antigen presentation (but not locally) take stuff from site, go to lymph node to consult with developing adaptive immune cells. try to get adaptive immune response to get future response perifpheral sites
42
eosinophils
kill parasites granules: perforins secreted at parasites to kill them cant endocytos bc parasites are too big, digest outside require antibodies bind to surface of parasite, excrete stuff to digest and recruit
43
what else can kill parasite
macrophages also require antibodies controller like before
44
basophils
``` essentially circulatinb mast cells specific for large parasites require antibodies release of granules with histamines recruit eosinophills lots of them in blood indcates that you have had a parasite at some point ``` allergic responses
45
Mast cells
security alarm of immune system coated with antibodies, but DOESN'T require them for function releases ALL granules when activated, causes local inflammation CAN respond to ANYTHING: bacteria, virus, parasite in periphery, surveillance Identify trouble areas and deal, so lots in respiratory and intestinal tract, not so much on forearm
46
what is an allergy?
when immune system messes up associates a pattern that is not pathogenic with a pathogen over-reaction
47
H & E staining
Hematoxylin Eosin PMNs
48
Hematoxylin
stains DNA, RNA, and acidic components | blue/purple
49
Eosin
cytosol, cells, collage | red/pink
50
PMNs
immune cells | red/pink with odd shaped nucleus

Micro Exam 3 (7 decks)

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