6: Parasites Flashcards

Question

why there is no vaccine for Trypanosoma brucei

Answer 1

Antigenic variation: the protozoa changes its coat proteins to avoid being caught and killed

Answer 2

changing coat proteins (surface antigens) | so that immune cells can't catch it and kill it

Answer 3

American Trypnosomasis Chagas disease spread by kissing bug.. its on you, you rub it in, gets to blood stream bugs bite at night when CO2 and heat around your face anesthetic bite... you don't feel it

Answer 4

cruzi is C shaped brucei is elongated easy to pick out in endemic countries (south america)

Answer 5

you can get cruzi and other trypanosomaisis makes it harder to diagnose some species dont cause any harm... so it can make diagnosis hard and more important

Answer 6

protozoan parasite bloodborne pathogen spread by vector acute and chronic

Answer 7

swollen eye (Romanas sign), fever, fatigue, aches, muscle pain, headache, rash, diarrhea

Answer 8

spreads to tissues parasites not in blood, so asymptomatic BUT in 20-30 years enlargement of organs bc immune system attacks body cells can cause DEATH spread by blood transfusion

Answer 9

actute: drugs chronic: some help from drugs, no cure Prevention: blood screening, mosquito nets, pesticides

Answer 10

breast milk congenital lab accidents blood transfusions

Answer 11

``` More than 10,000 new yearly Africa cases Cousin vector in S. US. rampant in US wildlife 41,000 new cases in endemic countries orally 14,400 new congenital cases annually ```

Answer 12

spread from mother to fetus across placenta

Answer 13

Flat worms Taenia Hemlinths Oral transmission from tainted meat

Answer 14

pork tapeworm Pigs (not humans) intended to ingest the eggs if humans ingest eggs: they go to your brain and make it holey humans are supposed to get it from pig meat

Answer 15

beef tapeworm

Answer 16

pretty much none

Answer 17

drugs | no vaccine

Answer 18

can cause cytercerocis which leads to neurocystercerosis holes in brain! under reported and hard to diagnose

Answer 19

seizures, headaches, confusion, imbalance, brain swelling, excess fluid, stroke, DEATH

Answer 20

check pig's tongue for knobs | look at meat for knobby cyst

Answer 21

``` round worm Heminths: largest and most common in human Oral transmission Ascaraiasis (disease it causes) neglected tropical disease ```

Answer 22

eggs can live for 15 years 1 worm can make 200,000 eggs per day so number you have is important, more worms are way worse than a few

Answer 23

human fertilizer used in developing countires contaimanted water not cleaned food

Answer 24

``` none in 85% of cases with few worms organ inflammation intestinal bowel obstruction malnutrition (bc worms take up lots of room) ```

Answer 25

drugs, surgical intervention | no vaccines

Answer 26

clean your food! don't use "night soil" (human feces) for fertilzer improve sanitation filtration to remove eggs

Answer 27

really common in Africa, SE Asia, and sometimes in US Gulf Coast... 2% of US pop (4 million ppl)

Answer 28

Protozoa spread by athropod | Plasmodium: 5 species

Answer 29

Malaria spread by Anopheles moquito via bite 5 species... different symptom durations for each

Answer 30

mosquito that spreads Plasmodium (Malaria) | DEFINITIVE host for plasmodium

Answer 31

harbors sexual reproductive stage | anaopheles mosquito for plasmodium

Answer 32

asexual reproduction/non-reproductive forms human for plasmodium

Answer 33

sexual and asexual (binary fission type thing)

Answer 34

we used to use DDT | now: Netting, control breeding sites, change water salinity, kill mosquitos

Answer 35

there isn't one | hard to make because of ANTIGENIC VARIATION (parasite changes coat protein)

Answer 36

1 hour from injection of sporozoites to liver in 1 week: 10,000 offspring from ONE parasite in LIVER Go to RBC: 10-20 more parasites once it gets to RBC 2 weeks: ONE parasite becomes millions

Answer 37

``` headache fever spleen enlargement and then hardening chills, sweating dry cough nausea and vomiting ANEMIA organ failure ```

Answer 38

effects RBCs...body isn't getting the O2 you need

Answer 39

becomes soft at first, can be easily ruptured | then hardens, loses function

Answer 40

Because of Big Pharma... there would not be enough monetary incentive since the people who need the drug don't have the money and wed basically have to give it away

Answer 41

limited acquired immunity... you can lose it in just 9 months to lose partial immunity

Answer 42

fall of Roman Empire Rise of Christianity over 1 million deaths in Civil War

Answer 43

increase in HIV transmission because children with severe Malaria need blood transfusions

Answer 44

40% of Malaria drugs in Asia are counterfeit 219 million cases world wide, 660,000 deaths in 2010 HUGE economic loss: $12 billion a year just in Africa

6: Parasites Flashcards

(68 cards)