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Micro Exam 3 > 5: Fungi and Medical Mycology > Flashcards

5: Fungi and Medical Mycology Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Clonochis sinesis spread

A

through undercooked beef, pork, dog

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2
Q

difference between fission and budding yeast

A

how they divide

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3
Q

how many times can yeasts bud?

A

24

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4
Q

fission yeast

A

divide right down the middle over and over (basically limitless)

daughter cells of equal size

schizosaccharomyces pombe

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5
Q

Zygomycete Rhizopus

A

sexual: mostly haploid, one diploid phase
asexual: all haploid
can live whole life haploid

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6
Q

haploid

A

one set of chromosomes

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7
Q

diploid

A

two sets of chromsomes

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8
Q

Zygomycete Rhizopus sexual

A

if hyphae run into a differntly sexed hyphae (pheremones)

Plasmogomy occurs, zygospore (diploid) produced, a new combo created

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9
Q

plasmogomy

A

formation of zygospore

fungal sex

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10
Q

zygospore

A

diploid product of plasmogomy

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11
Q

Zygomycete Rhizopus asexual

A

hyphase gros
sporangiospore formse
sporangiospore bursts and releases spores

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12
Q

ascomycete: Talaromyces

A

spore prodcuing structures of sexual and asexual forms look different

more diploid cells in this genus

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13
Q

Basidomycete

A

thalus (mushroom)

primary function is lifting of spores off the ground for greater travel ability

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14
Q

Fairy Rings

A

spore lands in the middle, hyphae grow in different directions, encounter different sexed fungi, ring grows
EX of plasmogomy

pretty rare, usually a line or curve not ring

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15
Q

Medical problems caused by Fungi

A

allergies
poisoning
infections (opportunistic or systematic)

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16
Q

Fungal allergies

A

reaction of mast cells to fungal spores=allergy
NOT reaction to the spore, reaction to DIFFUSABLE COMPOUNDS from the spore
Type I hypersensitivity

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17
Q

Fungal Allergies: Dust mites

A

Der p1 from dust mite fecal pellet (Der p1 is a diffusible antigen)
pellet stays in airway, Der p1 diffuses away, runs into dendtritic/mast cells, T cells react
IgE made by plasma cells
antibodies put on mast cells,
mast cells degranulate when they run into Der p1:
allergies in upper respiratory tract

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18
Q

why did “allergy” pathway evolve?

A

to deal with PATHOGENS, not for dust mite feces diffusables

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19
Q

Fungal Poisoning

A

aflatoxin
ergot
death cap
psilocybin

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20
Q

Fungal Poisoning: aflatoxin

A

produced by aspergillus
aflotoxin not toxic, but liver converts it to toxin compound, causes liver problems like cance
found in stored grains
almost all commercial peanut butter has small amoungs of it
no way to store peanuts out of ground w/o aspergillus growing

mostly just a problem if its in ALL your grains, less developed countries.

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21
Q

Aflatoxin and liver cancer world wide

A

lots of liver cancer due to the toxin in places where grains are stored poorly and for a long time between harvest and consuming

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22
Q

Fungal Poisoning: Ergot

A

grows in grains after maturation and when very wet
alkaloid ergotamine toxin… causes halucinations
can be good for vasoconstriction of blood vessels
Rye Bread: ergot in it caused hallucinations assocaited with voices heard during Salem witch trials and Preists deciding to kill Jews and Muslims in the Spanish inquisition

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23
Q

Fungal Poisoning: Death Cap

A

amanita phalloides: death cap mushroom
#1 cause of fatal human fungal ingestion
Phalloidin-toxin and lab reagent binds to polymerized actin

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24
Q

Death Cap action

A

phalloidin prevents depolymerization of actin

uncompetative inhibition

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25
Fungal Poisoning: Psilocybin
hallucinations, in the new world Psilobcybe mexicana is a psycedelic mushroom called "Flesh of the gods" by Aztecs schizophrenia like psychosis
26
so what hurts us with fungal toxins?
the METABOLIC BYPRODUCTS that the organisms make NOT the fungi its not the goal of fungi to kill us sometimes fungi use us as a food source though
27
Superficial Fungal infections
epidermis surface, little or no inflammation
28
cutaneous fungal infections
skin, hair, nail
29
how to fungi eat?
absorption | secrete enzymes, absorb
30
subcutaneous fungal infections
dermis infection (bellow skin)
31
systemic fungal infections
deep tissue pulmonary opportunistic
32
superficial mycosis
``` common in tropics easy to treat cosmetic problem hair (piedras) skin (tinea nigra, pityriasis versicolor) ```
33
Hair infections
``` black piedra white piedra grow in hair follicle sometimes nodules in hair used to be seen as a sign of health (so did lice) ```
34
black piedra
hair adherent, black, hard, gritty nodules in the tropics Trichosporon ovoides
35
white piedra
subtropics and temperate (US) several Trichosporon species used to test w/ UV light bc they had floursesnce protein, but we basically killed off this species bc we could ID them easily
36
cutaneous mycosis
30 species of fungi infect human skin hair, nails, epidermis only direct contact with infected person or pet indirect contact with shower flower, barber clippers, wet floor
37
ringworm
tinea broken down medically by where it occurs DISEASE not genus
38
tinea pedis
feet | ringworm
39
tinea capitis
scalp defoliates hair, temporary baldness micosporum canis: species from dogs to humans (ringworm)
40
tinea unguium
nails | ringworm
41
tinea corpus
body | ringworm
42
tinea cruvis
groin | ringworm
43
tinea barbae
beard | ringworm
44
Dermatomycoses-dermatophytes
cellular immune response invoked ring worm (tinea) ID'd by disease, not genus
45
disease vs. species
disease: group of symptoms medically ID'd, can be caused by multiple species Species: organism
46
Opportunistic Fungal Infections
ppl who are abnormal: immunocompromised, antibiotic use, organ transplant candidia albacians Aspergillus (grain and immunosuprresed ppl) NOT transmitted person to person, just from environment
47
aspergilus as an opportunistic infection
asthmatic attacks bronchitis can invade issue and organs
48
candida infection
due to change in normal flora
49
vaginal candidias
yeast infection lost of cases diabetes, antibiotics, oral contraceptives, preganancy, are risk factors
50
cutaneous candida
diaper rash
51
interiginous candidiasis
moist, warm, soft areas of body that touch (esp in overweight ppl)
52
thrush
oral infection, usually after antibiotic treatment immunocompomsied ppl grows in throat opportunisitic in aids
53
IDing Candida
germ tubes | KOH test
54
Germ Tubes
candidia is dimoprhic (2 forms) | growth of germ tubes shows that you have candida
55
Dimorphic candida
yeast form: 37C (body temp) | fungal form: 25C (room temp)
56
KOH test
diagnose candida infection 10% potassiu hydroxide kills bacteria, not fungus dissolves bacteria, not fungal, cell walls
57
Systemic infections
Histoplasma capsulatum coccidioides immitis: valley fever both dimorphic
58
Histoplasma capsulatum
``` Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys subclinical infection usually inhalation of airborne spores occasional serious and fatal outbreaks can cause fungal pneumonia and kill you Midwest... to dry in AZ sero-conversion ```
59
"subclinical"
shows no symptoms
60
Histoplasma capsulatum outbreak in Indiana HS
due to changing of flower bed where birds pooped | aersolized the fungus (which grew in bird droppings)
61
Histoplasma capsulatum as dimorphic
yeast form in body (37C) | spore form in soil (25C)
62
coccidioides immitis
valley fever mostly subclinical, but poor diet and fatigue can make it worse... resembles tuberculosis symptoms: chest pain, fever, coughing, weight loss sero-conversion rate in AZ of 30%/year
63
sero-conversion 30%/year
live in Tucson 1 year, 30% of people make antibodies to inhaled and growing fungal spores 2 years, 60% of population sero-convert 95% chance of sero-conversion after 4 years
64
dimorphic coccidioides immitis
spores inhaled are fungal | spores in lung are yeast like (see slide 32)
65
coccidioides immitis lifecycle
``` SLIDE 33! athrosopres produced earth distrubed spores inhaled live in lings if you get really sick, the spherule may break, spores released, you get pneumonia ```
66
athrospores
aren't really spores broken bits of hypahe spread only when you disturb the earth, aren't usually airborne
67
Theory of coccidioides immitis spread
cadaver model of spread
68
cadaver model of spread
coccidioides immitis doesnt spread in air or normal human to human: spread from cadaver to human humans migrate, people die, living inhale spores, spores live in lung, it happens again as humans migrated from CA to AZ and south america, they carried occidioides immitis with them and dogs carry it too

Micro Exam 3 (7 decks)

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