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Micro Exam 3 > 4: Fungus > Flashcards

4: Fungus Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

MHC 1

A

found in ALL cells (even professional APCs)

for pathogens that get into cytosol of cell

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2
Q

MHC 2

A

only B cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages

professional antigen presenting cells

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3
Q

CD8 T cell recognition… Class one

A

antigen presention
peptide in binding pocket of MHC
MHC with peptide binds to T cell receptor binding pocket (random VDJ)

ONLY after bound to MHC, T cell generates something that recognizes the peptide

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4
Q

CD8 recognizes

A

peptides bound to MHC class 1

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5
Q

CD4 recognizes

A

peptides bound to MHC class 2

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6
Q

CD4 T Cells HELP. how it works

A

APCs bring in the pathogen, digest it, put on MHC2

MHC2 recruits CD4

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7
Q

what if the pathogen gets IN the cell?

A

CD4 and MHC 2 cant be used, use MHC1 for presentation

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8
Q

How MHC 1 works

A

pathogen gets into cytosol
MHC1 is in lumen of ER (so basically outside cell), so fusion will put MHC1 on surface
proteosome injgests pathogen and changes to peptide prep center when we have interferon. This lets proteosome load the MHC1

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9
Q

CD8 and NK

A

similar, both kill BUT
CD8 is adaptive
NK is innate

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10
Q

review slide 9

A

review slide 9

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11
Q

what happens after activation

A

APCs generate 3 signals

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12
Q

signal 1 after activation

A

T cell receptor and peptide/MHC dock
costim. from CD4 or 8
strong binding=recognition

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13
Q

signal 2 after activation

A

check for T cell to know that its a healthy antigen presenting cell

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14
Q

signal 3 after activation

A

proinflammatory cytokine released by APC
signal tells T cell what type of organism the antigen came from (based on what innate receptors were activated along they way)

so that future contact with that antigen will have a more specific response

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15
Q

classes of CD4 T cells

A 
Th1
Th2
Th17
Tfh
Treg
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16
Q

Th1

A

for bacteria

activate macrophges

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17
Q

Th2

A

for parasites and fungi

activate mast cells

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18
Q

Th17

A

in mucous membranes, bacteria

activate neutrophils

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19
Q

Tfh

A

B cell differentiation

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20
Q

Treg

A

responsible for NOT activating
ingestion of food, we ingest a foreign antigen this way
we recognize it neither as self or pathogen
tolerance
problems with this cause chrons disese… immune responses to food

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21
Q

Adaptive immunity can be

A

natural or artificial

each of these can be active or passive

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22
Q

Natural active immunity

A

antigens enter body
body makes antibodies
become immune

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23
Q

Natural passive immunity

A

antibodies pass from other to fetus by placenta or to baby from milk
mother makes antibodies, not baby
no activity required

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24
Q

Artificial active immunity

Study These Flashcards
A

antigens introduced by vaccine

body makes antibodies

25
Artificial passive immunity
pre-made antibodies injected into serum antibodies from a different person that were made when they were sick used for ebola treatment a bit
26
Meiosis
production of haploid gammates for sexual reproduction
27
sexual reproduction good because
it improves group genetics
28
how many chromosomes do humans have?
23, 2 copies of each one copy from mom, one from dad come together when sperm and egg combine (haploid)
29
haploid cells
only ONE copy of each chromosome | 23 chromosomes total, not 46
30
How is it that grandparents about equally contributed to your genetics?
sexual recombination
31
sexual recombination
chromosomes line up and recombine cross-over between chromosomes generates new combo of genes 4 eggs made by meiosis, each has different combo of parental genes
32
why sexual recombinatation
allows sexual species to store genetic info in multiple individuals ability to solve problems and let the species survive
33
why humans and chimps arent the same species
we have 23 chromosomes, they have 24
34
sexual dimorphism
2 sexes evolved
35
advantages of hermaphrodites (worms)
both individuals can become impregnated any encounter can be productive... two males meeting would not be. But if sexes aren't different, any 2 individuals meeting can produce offspring
36
advantages of sexual dimorphism: colonies (bees and ants)
colonies are all females, males go away as drones | drones come to new colonies and bring new genetic material
37
advantages of sexual dimorphism: angler fish
not enough food at bottom of ocean for a lot of big fish so males are tiny and don't "eat", the feed off female blood. attach to female just to release sperm when she releases eggs. male is a parasite
38
sexual vs. asexual reproduction
review slide 24
39
Fungal mating types
more than 2 sexes
40
advantages of multiple sexes (fungi)
ability to determine closeness of genetic relationship
41
pheromone-phermone receptor parings
how fungi tend to pick mates... mate if different phermones | as many sexes as there are alleles
42
Shome fungi are HOMOTHALLIC
can mate with other or self
43
heterothallic fungi
only mate with different cheomtype (non-self mating) want recombination with something not genetically similar
44
Fungi are
eukaryotic saprophytic aerobic or sometimes facultative anaerobic produce spores
45
saprophytic
absorb food instead of eating or photosynthesizing
46
fungi you can eat
alcohol, bread, some mushrooms
47
cell wall of fungi
made of glucans, mannans, chitin | 3 layers
48
parts of fungi
nucleus, mitochondira, organelles
49
fungal spores
not tough like bacterial
50
single celled fungi
yeasts | bigger than bacteria
51
mulitcellular fungi
molds, fleshy fungi | hyphae structure
52
yeast division types
fission: divide down middle budding: babies bud off the sides
53
hyphae structure
primary structure. longs tubes filled with cytosol cells not divide like in humans some septated: units like cells with holes that let cytosol move between them some just contnuous (coenocytic)
54
hyphae and communication
secretions of organelles diffuse through cytosol that movement between "cells"
55
Characteristics of molds
thallus (body, reproductive) Septa: serpate hyphae, coenocytic hyphae (no septa between cells) multinucleated reproductive or vegitative hypahae
56
Budding yeast
``` asexual asymetrical division. leaves scars can only bud 24 times different ways budding can happen: diploid and haploid ```
57
Feromones and Feromone receptors
allow to determine genetic relationships between haploid cells
58
lifecycle:
2 HAPLOID groups find each other: PAIRING produces its own pheromones, and has pheromone receptors for the other kind move towards eachother and fuse to make DIPLOID DIPLOID can undergo meiosis or mitosis
59
review slide 34
review slide 34

Micro Exam 3 (7 decks)

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