2. Lectures 4, 5 Flashcards
(24 cards)
How does being physically active help your brain?
Students who are active before a test show stronger brain function than those who are less active
Getting physically active can boost kids and teens memory, including children with brain based disabilities
Evidence shows that kids who are more active have larger regions of the brain that are linked to memory
They’re more creative, think quicker, strategize, solve problems better
Longer attention spans, more focused
What does physical activity do to mood?
Releases brains happy hormones (serotonin and dopamine)
Physical activity may decrease anxiety
Alleviates social and academic stress in kids and teens
What are the 3 levels of interventions for promoting physical activity?
- Downstream
- Midstream
- Upstream
What is downstream intervention?
Individual-level interventions for those who possess the risk factor or suffer from risk-related diseases/conditions
Emphasis on changing rather than preventing health-damaging behaviour
Ex: physician counselling for patients with diabetes
Health education for cardiac patient
What is midstream intervention?
Population-level interventions that target defined populations for the purpose of changing and/or preventing health-damaging behaviours
Involve mediation through important organizational channels
Ex- community based exercise program for new moms
Installation of workplace fitness facility
What is upstream intervention?
Macro-level (state, provincial, national) public policy or environmental interventions to strengthen social norms and supports for healthy behaviours and to redirect unhealthy societal counter forces
Blanket interventions for anyone who wants to use them
Ex- increase time for walk sign on crosswalks
- fitness tax credit
What is RE-AIM framework?
Reach
Effectiveness
Adoption
Implementation
Maintenance
What is RE-AIM framework?
RE-AIM
Reach- did you reach your intended population? How much of the target population participated?
Effectiveness- Was it successful? How successful was it (percentages, averages etc)
Adoption- did the settings/places/environments approached adopt it?
Implementation- was it delivered as intended? Cost? Consistency across settings?
Maintenance- are effects sustained over time? Modifications needed for long term change?
Slide 51 Lecture 4
Watch running free: children’s independent mobility video and ask these questions:
What’s one example of a benefit of independent mobility?
Why do we see a decline in this?
Okay
Slide 52 lecture 4
Girls are less likely to to have independent mobility than boys
Higher income neighbourhoods have richer environments that give more opportunities for safer independent mobility
What are the 4 ways to enhance physical activity messages?
- Include certain message qualities
- Create relevance
- Choose appropriate message framing
- Create accessible messages
Planning and evaluation are essential
Planning provides blueprint
Evaluation provides evidence
What message qualities should be included in physical activity messages?
Novel- best if messages are unusual, unfamiliar, unique
Vived (richness of information)- attracts more attention
Salient- stands out
How do you create relevance with your physical activity messages?
Tailoring- present information in a manner that best fits an individuals needs/characteristics (include specific identifying characteristics of the individual)
Targeting- define a population group based on a common characteristic; provide info consistent with that group’s characteristics (groups segmented by demographic characteristics)
How do you choose appropriate message framing for physical activity messages?
The emphasis a message has on the benefits of adopting physical activity behaviour (gain framed) or the cost of failing to adopt physical activity behaviour (loss framed)
What is gain framed and loss framed?
Gain-framed: emphasize the benefits of being active
Loss-framed: emphasize the costs of being inactive
Gain framed are more effective for promoting physical activity (increased intentions to be active)
Gain framed persuades people to engage in preventive behaviours that are not risky
Loss framed persuades people to engage in detection behaviours that are risky
How do you create accessible messages in physical activity messages?
Ability of individuals to obtain, process, understand a health message
Written messages too often exceed health literacy level of population
Potential barrier to message processing (results in poor comprehension, failure to use the information)
What are the 3 types of evaluation?
Formative evaluation- pre-testing messages
Process evaluation- monitoring campaign reach
Outcome evaluation- assess’s if campaign achieved its goals
What is most represented in the media image of people?
Mass media transmits unrealistic expectations of an ideal body
Young slender yet toned women (encourage women to be thinner through diet exercise surgery…)
Slender and muscular men (encourage men to be thinner or heavier and exercise rather than diet to change their body
What is negative media imagery?
What is positive media imagery?
Negative- focused on unattainable unrealistic
Typically negative effect (body dissatisfaction) cosmetic surgery ad
Positive- images that reject unattainable ideal body image
Images that are not associated with adverse affects
What are the two ways to attain media literacy on an individual level?
Media literacy training- psycho educational interventions (focus on unrealistic standard and tricks used to create images)
Emphasis on resisting internationalization of images and messages
Cognitive-behavioural therapy- change the way incoming social information is interpreted (cognitive re-structuring, change thought from irrational and unrealistic to rational)
What is social psychology?
Scientific study of how people influence each other and other factors that affect social behaviour
Related to thoughts feelings and behaviours of the individual
What are the 3 theories in social psychology?
They explain social behaviour, organize research findings, and focus and direct research
- Psychoanalytic theories
- Behaviour theories
- Cognitive theories
Theories help us understand relationships and explain things we see
What are psychoanalytic theories?
Man is a striving man
Concerned with transformation of man from biological organism to socialized being
Internal states direct specific behaviours unconsciously
Freud father of psychoanalytic theories (id, ego, superego)
Contributions: socialization of the individual, personality development, family structure, sources of aggressive behaviour
What are behaviour theories?
How behaviour is acquired and emitted
Early behaviourism emphasized the persons environment in determining behaviour (Pavlov was early behaviourist)
Rejects concepts that can’t be empirically tested
Skinner box slide 39 lecture 5
What are cognitive theories?
Man is a thinking man (like a social computer)
Gestalt psychology= process of perception and perceptual organization
Rely heavily on verbal behaviour, conscious experience, and environmental factors
Attribution theory and self-efficacy theory
